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I. Plastic solar greenhouse cultivation facilities
In the town of Nandi Village, the main production of grapes in the solar greenhouses is the vertical and horizontal micro-arc plastic solar greenhouses. The direction of the greenhouse is facing south to the south, with a span of 7-8 meters, a height of 2.8-3 meters, a height of 1.2-1.5 meters in the front corner, and a height of 2 meters in the back wall. The general slope of the lighting surface is 14-16.5, and the length of the greenhouse is 60-100 meters. .
Bamboo and wood structure greenhouses are provided with three columns of front pillars, middle pillars, and rear pillars. The pillars are respectively arranged along the east-west direction with cross beams. Every 60-80 cm of the beam is provided with a bamboo rod, covered with a plastic film, a film and a bamboo rod. The film is pressed between the shed film and the ventilation window in front of the ridge.
Second, species selection
Kyoho: average ear weight 400-600 grams, single-grain weight 11-12 grams, fruit oval or nearly round, dark purple skin, flesh soft and juicy, sugar content of 15-16%, acid content of about 0.7% The fertility period is about 135 days.
Third, cultivation techniques
Planting: One year planting, that is, the fruit harvested in the second year after planting, immediately remove the seedlings and re-transform the seedlings. The planting row ditch adopts north and south rows, and is mainly planted with double-wall hedgerows, with a narrow row spacing of 2.5 meters and a plant spacing of 50 centimeters. Planting and digging trenches before planting, width 80-100 cm, depth 50 cm, and then fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer about 4000 kg and appropriate amount of phosphorus, potash fertilizer and soil mixing evenly into the planting trench.
In mid-April to mid-April-May, when the ground temperature reaches 10°C or higher, robust and disease-free 1-year-old seedlings can be planted in sheds. Generally about 800 plants per acre are planted, and in the second and fourth years of April, they will be ready. The 1-year-old seedlings are planted in a nutrient bag. After the grape harvest in the greenhouse in May-June is completed, the garden is cleared immediately and the grape seedlings in the nutrition bag are moved to the greenhouse.
Soil and Fertilizer Management: Once the grapes are planted, they are poured with water for one time. When the soil is not sticky, the soil is loosened. Then the soil is covered with plastic film. When the seedlings begin to grow, they are removed and mulched.
When the seedlings grow to 40 centimeters, topdressing is started. The one-year-old grapes are applied 50 to 100 grams of compound fertilizer every 50 days and the leaves are sprayed with 2-3 times of vitality. From early September to early fall, about 4000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied per mu.
Irrigation should be based on specific conditions such as soil, climate and grape growth. Warming irrigation began once permeated, and water was irrigated once before flowering, after flowering, during the period of fruit enlargement and during the coloring period.
Plastic pruning: After the grapes are planted, only one vigorously growing new shoot per plant will grow forward. When the new shoot grows to 30-40 cm, the shoots will be hauled and introduced, and the shoots will be removed at any time. In August, when the new shoots grow to about 2.5 meters, they are picked up. After falling leaves in autumn, one main vine per plant is left and cut at the mature section at 1.5-2 meters.
After the temperature rises, when the bud grows to a size of 1 cm, the thin, complex buds are wiped out and the hypertrophic central buds remain. Each main vine leaves 5-10 result branches, and each result branch leaves 8-10 leaves. And the results of inflorescences left more than 5-6 leaves topping, nutrition leaves left 4-5 leaves topping, after picking the heart occurs only the top tip 1-2, leaving 2-4 leaves on each tip to repeat the heart , and cut off tendrils in time.
Heating time and breaking dormancy measures: Grapes generally need 120 days of low temperature before they can relieve natural hibernation. The method of releasing dormancy is: when the temperature is below 7°C when the temperature is below the low temperature in the middle or late October, the film covers the curtain and maintains the temperature in the shed. - After 7.2°C, it can be dehumidified after 120 days, and the resulting mother twigs are applied with 10 times lime nitrogen 15-20 days before warming. The method is applied from the base of the grape vines to the top 40 cm, and it can germinate earlier. 10- around 15 days.
Flower and fruit management: Before spraying, leaves and inflorescences are sprayed with a 0.2% borax solution. After 10-15 days after flowering, sparse grains are treated according to the fruit setting. The strong growth results leave the two spikes in the branch. Spike, the result of weak growth branches do not stay. Each plant retains 4-6 spikes, and the hard nuclear spraying 1500 times ethephon plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spraying 3000 times ethephon after 10 days interval.
Temperature, humidity, light, and gas regulation in the greenhouse
Temperature regulation:
Germination period. In the first week, the temperature was maintained at about 20°C during the day and 5-10°C at night. After 1 week, the temperature was raised to 20-25°C during the day and 13-15°C during the night.
Flower growth period. The temperature is controlled at 25-28°C during the day and around 15°C at night.
Flowering period. The temperature is controlled around 28°C during the day and 16-18°C during the night.
Fruit enlargement period. It can be maintained at 25-28°C during the day and 18-20°C at night.
Colouring maturity. The daytime temperature is 28-30°C; it should be around 15°C at night.
Moisture control: The germination period is controlled at about 90% humidity; the pre-flowering growth period indoor humidity should be 60%, the flowering humidity is controlled at about 50%, the fruit swelling period, the coloring mature period of indoor humidity 50-60%.
Light regulation: In order to increase indoor lighting, the film should be drape-free and keep the shed clean.
Gas regulation: Ventilation and ventilation of the ventilation window should always be opened without affecting the temperature.
Pest control: When the grapes are racked, thoroughly clean the leaves and stubs and burn them in a concentrated manner. During the growth period, the auxiliary tip and tendril shall be removed in time to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. Before the budding, Baume 3-5 degrees lime sulfur was used to eliminate residual pathogens on the shoots. Before spraying, 50% carbendazim 600 times accelerated the killing of D 2000 to prevent gray mold and green lice. Subsequent downy mildew disease can be controlled by 72% Kelu 600-800 times or 25% Ruizhi Mildew 800 times. Anthrax is controlled by anthrax 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times.
Cultivation Techniques of Greenhouse Grapes
Nantun Village, Gangtun Town, is located at the foot of Hongluo Mountain, 30 kilometers northwest of Lianshan District, Huludao City. The daughter is riverside and the soil is sandy loam. The water is abundant and the transportation is convenient. It adapts to the grape cultivation in the greenhouse. Southland Village began to develop greenhouse grapes in 1998. By 2002, it had a total of 30 households. 40 greenhouses covered an area of ​​35 acres. In sunlight greenhouses, the average yield of grapes was up to 2000-2500 kg. The average annual net income per mu was 1.5- 2 million. Has achieved higher economic benefits. The cultivation techniques are summarized below.