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Preventing the sowing date of freezing damage of wheat
In recent years, winter wheat often suffers from frost damages over winter, and many plots have severely reduced or even lost production, causing significant losses to farmers. Through investigation, the author believes that there are three major joints, such as good varieties, sowing date, and fertilizer, that need to be used to prevent freezing and freezing of wheat. 1, varieties. There are great differences in the wintering characteristics of wheat varieties. According to the low temperature and time required for wheat differentiation, we classify wheat into winter, semi-winter or semi-spring, and spring. In general, the stronger the winter wheat, the better the anti-freezing ability. Spring varieties are generally only planted in spring in winter wheat. Semi-winter or semi-spring varieties have strict requirements on the planting area. In the case of severe winters and unreasonable cultivation, winter freezing damage may occur. Therefore, choosing a good variety is very important for safe winter wheat. In general, the varieties bred in Lunan and southwestern Shandong have strong spring characteristics and relatively weak anti-wintering abilities. The cultivars developed in Lubei and Jiaodong regions have strong winter and relatively strong anti-wintering abilities. When buying a variety, first understand where the varieties to be bought are bred rather than who they breed. Then it is known whether the species is winter or semiwinter, and the seedlings are still erect. In general, the frost resistance of the winter varieties or the semi-winter, seedling pods is better. At present, the varieties used in production, such as Jimai 19, Jimai 20, Yanmai 8, Yannong 19, and Yannong 23, are semi-winter varieties with good wintering or frost-resistance. 2, sowing date. For winter varieties, sowing earlier has little effect on wintering safety, and it has a great impact on the safe wintering of semi-wintering varieties. In the province's history, the “equinoxâ€, that is, between about September 25 and October 1 is a suitable wheat planting season. For now, this time is sown early. There are two reasons: one is that most varieties have a weak winter, sowing early into the winter before the winter into the spikelet period or even spikelet differentiation, the ability of antifreeze greatly weakened; Second, now the frost-free period extended, in the past October a basic frost coming, and Now the province's initial frost is generally postponed to October 10 to 15, which means that the frost-free period is extended by about 10 to 15 days. Therefore, it is not appropriate to still use the past sowing time. However, with the increase in the degree of mechanization, the pace of work has accelerated, and some farmers have sown before the end of October 25. This is the main reason why wheat in many places in recent years has been prosperous before winter and a large number of dead plants have passed winter. 3, fertilizer water. Excessive fertilizer at the bottom, especially excessive nitrogen fertilizer, lack of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, sufficient water, seedlings grow fast, delicate, and antifreeze ability weakened. Therefore, in the fertile land, fertilizer should be applied in an appropriate amount, organic fertilizer should be applied more, nutrition should be balanced, and moisture should be properly controlled. The seedlings are thick, and there are more sugars at the tillering festival. The natural frost resistance of the wheat seedlings is enhanced. In addition, excessive sowing and excessive seeding rate are also an important reason for the weakening of winter wheat antifreeze. Under normal conditions, the sowing depth of 2 to 3 cm is most suitable for wheat, and the sandy land can be appropriately deepened, and the clay land is suitably shallow. If the seeding rate is too large and the seedlings are crowded, the seedlings will not grow strong and the natural anti-winter ability will be weakened. Under normal circumstances, multi-spike type (ie strong tiller) varieties, in the appropriate sowing date, suitable moisture conditions, the amount of mu should not exceed 7.5 kg, beyond the appropriate sowing date, each day, can increase 0.25 to 0.5 kg of seeds . Large-spike varieties (that is, weak tillering) varieties, generally per acre seeding amount of 9 to 10 kg is appropriate, after a suitable sowing period, each day, can increase 0.5 to 0.75 kg of seeds. The above sowing amount is the appropriate sowing date, suitable sowing depth and good sowing conditions. If the conditions change, the sowing amount should be appropriately increased. (Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences)