“Non-polluted vegetables†refers to a good ecological environment. After being tested by the statutory authorities, it does not contain toxic substances or high residual pesticides; it has low toxicity and low residues, and contains pesticides, nitrates, nitrites, heavy metals, and other harmful substances. Complied with national standards of commercial vegetables. “Reliable vegetables†means that pesticides without residues of pesticides can be used to ensure that organic phosphorus and carbamate pesticides and their contents are not exceeded. The detection standards are higher than the national limit and far from the occurrence of poisoning incidents. From this we can see that there is a gradual transition from "reliable vegetables to pollution-free vegetables." In order to ensure the control of pollution from the source and create a favorable ecological environment conducive to production, the development of “safe cooking†is a realistic choice. The key to the production of “rest assured vegetables†lies in the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. First, the selection of pest-resistant varieties: Should be resistant to pests, strong resistance to stress, good commercial quality, suitable for local planting of fine varieties. For example, tomatoes can be mixed with No.8, No.9, Maofen 802, Jiafen No.17 and so on. Cucumber can be selected from Jinyou No.2, No.5, Jinchun No.3, Xintai Mycobacterium and the like. Second, seed disinfection, germination: tomato seeds soaked in warm water at 55 °C, stirring constantly, keep 15 seconds, add cool water cooling, soak 3-4 days, add 10% trisodium phosphate soak for 20 seconds, remove and wash, with Wet cloth wrap, placed at about 28 °C place germination. Cucumber seeds can be soaked in warm water at 55°C, stirring continuously for 30 seconds, cooling with cold water, soaking for 3-4 days, soaking in 150 times 40% formaldehyde solution for 10-15 seconds, removing and washing, soaking 1-2 Day, wrap it in a wet cloth, germinate at about 30°C, and sow 2/3 seed after whitening. 3. Seed bed disinfection and high-temperature composting to kill pests and diseases: The seedbed is disinfected with 2% formalin, mixed while spraying, and covered with a thin film when the soil is wet. After 7 days, the film is removed and cooled for 3 days. When it is odorless, it is reused. There are many kinds of germs and insect pests in farm organic fertilizers. Before use, it must be fully fermented and decomposed. This can effectively kill the pests in the fertilizers, and no harmful phenomena such as vegetable root burning and toxic gas damage will occur. Fourth, improve the cultivation techniques and management methods: 1. Crop rotation and clean garden: The implementation of various vegetables for more than three years of crop rotation can effectively reduce and reduce pests and diseases and increase yield. Continuous production of the same vegetable on the same plot can not exceed two knots. When changing crops, do not plant vegetables of the same family. It is best to use it for the rotation of onions such as onions and garlic. If it cannot be rotated, it must be used in depth. Turn over the soil, change soil and soil, apply lime, and use heavy herbicides. The high-resistance organic high-tech product NEB (En Yi Bi), which is currently promoted in production, has achieved remarkable results in various vegetable crops such as watermelon, cucumber, eggplant, tomato, cabbage, and celery. Cleaning the garden is a simple and practical method. The way is to remove the leaves, fruits, and diseased plants that have initially developed during the period of vegetable growth in time, or burn them in a concentrated manner to prevent the pathogens from expanding and spreading in the fields. 2, a reasonable fertilization watering: fertilization of vegetable fields to fully decomposed farmyard fertilizer, the use of more than 5000 kg per mu of farmyard fertilizer to protect the needs of the whole growth period. In fertilization, base fertilizer and topdressing should be used in combination with fertilization, and appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 25-35 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 12-18 kg of potassium fertilizer, control of nitrogen fertilizer, targeted use of various vegetable fertilizers. In the protected field, under-membrane submerged irrigation, drip irrigation, and submerged irrigation were adopted. Sprinkler irrigation was applied to open field vegetable fields, and flood irrigation was strictly prohibited. It can not only save water, but also reduce the humidity of vegetable fields and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. 3, the use of vegetable grafting technology: by grafting can increase the disease resistance of vegetable plants, is a good way to prevent pests and diseases of soil-transmitted vegetables, and has a better prevention of bacterial diseases such as wilt disease, bacterial wilt, Verticillium wilt effect. For example, grafting cucumbers with black pumpkin can not only resist the wilt disease, but also make the plants hardy and strong, and has high quality and high yield. Tourbaum grafted with eggplant has high resistance to Verticillium wilt. All kinds of fruits and vegetables and melon vegetables can be obtained through grafting antibacterial and productive results. 4. Choose the appropriate planting method: Adjust the sowing date According to the different vegetable types, you can choose three-dimensional planting, big ridge and double row, inner tight outer pine, ridge cultivation and sorghum and other planting methods, which can effectively regulate the temperature and humidity of the soil and help to improve the illumination. , ventilation and drainage conditions, to achieve adequate ventilation and light, rational use of water and fertilizer, promote plant growth, and reduce pests and diseases. Exposed vegetables need to adjust the sowing date to avoid the peak period of diseases and insect pests, so that the vegetables grow in a suitable natural environment, and do not blindly advance or delay. Fifth, the implementation of physical control: the use of insect phototaxis, hanging silver gray film in the vegetable field to avoid defects, with yellow oil board, black light, frequency vibration insecticidal lamp, sweet and sour liquid sex hormones such as sedation. In the protected areas, shade nets, insect nets, and high-temperature stuffy sheds are used to prevent insects from moving in or killing pests. These physical measures are neither contaminated nor reusable. Six, the correct use of chemical control: 1. Vigorously promote the use of biological pesticides: Biopesticides are used on vegetables and are safe, broad-spectrum, highly efficient, non-polluting, easily decomposable, non-residual, long-lasting, and have little effect on natural enemies. They are harmless pesticides. At present, the bactericides used on vegetables include: Agricultural anti-120, neomycin; Insecticides are: cotton smoke spirit, 5% anti-taibao, 1.8% insects gram, oxymatrine, BT emulsion, powder and so on. If you use 5% Sita Bao 1000-2000 times liquid agent can prevent aphids; with 20% agricultural anti-120 120-200 times liquid can prevent melon vegetable powdery mildew, leaf spot and so on. 2. Actively promote the use of botanical pesticides: Botanical pesticides have a wide range of sources, are simple to produce, have good insecticidal and insecticidal effects, and have no side effects. If 20 grams of garlic or green onions mash into a paste and add 10 kilograms of water, stir well, and take the filtrate for spraying, which can prevent spider mites, aphids, etc. With 1.5 grams of fresh eucalyptus leaves pounded with 1.5 kilograms of water, filtered to the residue, 40 kilograms of water per kilogram of water spray, can prevent cabbage caterpillar, vegetable pot. 3, the correct choice of chemical pesticides: 1 is the prohibition of the use of highly toxic, high residue pesticides. 2 is the use of high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue pesticides. 3 is to strictly control the amount of medication and the number of medications. Improve the ecological environment and create conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of diseases: In greenhouse vegetable production, through the regulation of light, temperature, and humidity CO2 in greenhouses, create ecological environment conditions conducive to the growth of vegetables and not conducive to the occurrence of diseases. Such as the morning, weeding, to extend the photosynthesis time, appropriate ventilation, often cleaning the film to maintain a good light transmittance. Hang a light curtain in the back wall to increase light. By changing these conditions in the shed, we can create an environment that is conducive to the growth and development of vegetables and is not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases, thereby increasing the yield of vegetables. 4, the correct use of chemical pesticides: (1) to identify the types of pests, the targeted use of pesticides. This avoids the abuse of pesticides and is the key to achieving pollution-free control. Because different diseases or insects need to use different agents for prevention and treatment. If we cannot remedy the disease, we will not only control the harm, but will also cause waste and contaminate vegetables and the environment. We know that there are biological factors (such as pathogens and pests) and non-biological factors (including bad weather conditions, various kinds of deficiency syndromes, phytotoxicity, and fertilizer damage) among the factors that cause damage to vegetables. The damage caused by biological factors is Need to use drugs, and some physiological diseases, generally do not need to use chemical pesticides. In some areas, because farmers do not recognize various pests and diseases, it is not advisable to adopt a control method in which many drugs are mixed together and used at intervals. This kind of output of vegetables is very serious pollution, I am afraid he is not willing to eat. (2) To make timely medication. The occurrence of a pest and disease has a process ranging from light to heavy. The degree of victimization also has a process that changes from quantitative to qualitative. There is an optimal period of prevention. Some pests and diseases, when developed to a certain extent, are difficult to control with even better pesticides, especially some epidemic diseases and explosive pests. In order to do this, it is best to have departments to forecast and guide the farmers to prevent and treat them in a timely manner. In areas where there is a lack of forecasting, it is possible to use advanced medication methods based on the time of occurrence of the disease in one year. This protection is essentially different from the above-mentioned abuse of pesticides. It is based on the regular occurrence of pests and diseases every year using pesticides. Therefore, we do not oppose the use of "insurance drugs" in principle, but they must be targeted. On the surface, it is a waste of some drugs. After a certain period of time, you will find that this is a provincial drug. (3) The dosage and method of pesticides should be strictly controlled as required. Any kind of medicine has an optimum amount of use. When it is used, it will not only cause waste, but it will often cause phytotoxicity and increase pollution to vegetables and the environment. However, the use of less is not only poor in control but also induces resistance to bacteria and pests. The application dose of pesticides is the concentration of the medication and is related to the speed of spraying (the pressure of the nebulizer and the speed of travel). The more scientific method is to calculate the amount of pesticide after spraying for a while to adjust the spraying speed. (4) The spray should be carefully and evenly distributed. Some farmers use high concentration, high speed, or spraying the hole on the hydroponics to expand the method of spraying, this method of spraying, the agent can not cover the surface of vegetables well, can not play a good protective effect, and make large Some of the potions are on the ground and it is highly undesirable. Some scheming farmers use pinholes to increase the fineness of the droplets, which is a desirable method. (5) Rationally mix. The so-called mixed pesticides are two or more pesticides added together at their respective concentrations in order to achieve a multiplier effect. Practice has shown that there are at least the following three advantages to being reasonably mixable: 1 Expand the target of prevention and control. Because each pesticide has its own effective range, mixing them together can play a complementary role. For example, when pyrethrins are used to control cabbage caterpillars in Chinese cabbage, adding some glucosinolates to the medicinal liquid can effectively treat cabbage downy mildew. If cabbage worms occur at the same time as cabbage worms occur, pesticides that use pyrethroids will not work. They can be used in combination with anti-influx, and both pesticides can be eliminated at the same time with one drug. In particular, when liquids are used to prevent diseases in greenhouse vegetables, pesticides can be used less frequently, and less water can be used, which is conducive to controlling the humidity in the shed. 2 helps improve drug efficacy. For example, Uranus has a good effect on adult control of whiteflies in the greenhouse. However, the effect on the nymphs is poor, and it often takes a few days after the prevention and control. The greenhouse whitefly has picked up again. Fluoxetine can inhibit its nymph hatching. Combining these two pesticides can achieve more durable control effects. 3 Slow or avoid germs and pest resistance. It is easy to use a single pesticide to produce drug resistance in control subjects. Mixing different pesticides with different interaction mechanisms or negative cross-resistance can effectively overcome or delay drug resistance. However, the physical and chemical properties of the used pesticides must be understood when mixing so as not to react with one another after mixing, and to reduce the efficacy or increase the toxicity of pesticides. In addition, when mixing, do not use too much (3 or more) pesticides together. This is because the concentration of the two pesticides is simply calculated. After the two pesticides of the same concentration are mixed, the concentration of the chemicals can be doubled. If more than three kinds of pesticides are mixed together, this will not only increase the difficulty of spraying, but excessive pesticide additives will also affect the growth of vegetables. (6) To master the occurrence of pests and diseases, try to use the target drug. Each pest and disease may have weak links in the course of their occurrence. By using pesticides on this link, it is possible to save both drugs and labor. For example, when the fruits and vegetables were found to injure the fruits, they were invaded from two places. One was a pod joint, and the other was a umbilicus. The incidence of pods was introduced from the fallen petals, while the incidence of umbilicus was introduced from the stigma. We call these two targets for pathogenic attack. According to this law, a "partial two-phase joint defense" measure was proposed. That is, pesticides are used once on the petals of fruit vegetables, and then pesticides are applied to the stigma of the fruit once the fruit has grown. This can effectively control the fruit. The application of the drug to the petal can be combined with auxin, so that the drug not only uses less drug, but also saves labor. (7) When using chemical pesticides, do not use too much monotonous to avoid pest resistance. When using chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases, if a single agent is used, there will be a problem of gradual decline in efficacy. And the more highly specialized pesticides, the more likely they are to fail. This is mostly due to the resistance of pathogens and pests. Studies have shown that, after having developed resistance to a chemical pesticide, agents of the same type often fail. This phenomenon is called cross-resistance. For example, when Botrytis cinerea has developed resistance to rapid cyclin, the use of chemical pesticides that belong to the same dimethyl imide group will also reduce the effect of haemorrhoids. In the use of chemical pesticides will also appear the opposite situation, such as: Botrytis while using carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl is still relatively sensitive to the use of Bacteria Weiwei, the control effect is not good; and when the bacteria on carbendazim, After the thiophanate-methyl resistance was established, the use of acetylfluroxine again showed its good control effect. This phenomenon is known to have negative cross-resistance (between them). The current use of the control of Botrytis cinerea (mixed with mitoxin and ethidium bromide) is based on this principle. By mastering these characteristics of chemical pesticides, it is possible to reasonably mix pesticides, rationally select and rotate the varieties of pesticides, and avoid the occurrence of drug resistance. In addition, it is also very important to use the right medicines and techniques and to use pesticides in accordance with the operating procedures, and pay attention to safety intervals. Use the “Guardian†brand backpack or sprayer, which is a more advanced manual sprayer promoted by the National Agricultural Technology Center to prevent the occurrence of run, run, drip, and leak. Low-volume spray is used to reduce the humidity in the booth and reduce the disease. Occur; pay attention to the safety interval of the application, that is, the period before the last application to grazing, harvesting, use, and consumption of crops. Different pesticides have different intervals. For example, the safety interval of dichlorvos on cabbage is 7 days, deltamethrin is 3 days, chlorpyrifos is 7 days, and metalaxyl manganese zinc is 1 day. Through the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases, we have vigorously promoted the reduction of pesticide control technologies and carried out the safe use of pesticides, so that we can finally achieve the goal of producing pesticide-free residues and improving farmers' income. MACA Complex Capsules,Natural MACA Complex Capsules,Health MACA Complex Capsules NOUVASANT PHARMhealth LTD. , http://www.nouvasant.com