The production of mushrooms and their species
The mushroom, also known as citron, is rich in flavor and taste, and is a good dish. Mushroom farmers have been using the traditional techniques of cutting flowers and artificial cultivation to cultivate trees in forest areas. In non-forest areas and Shaolin areas, more materials are used to cultivate shiitake mushrooms. In the whole production process of shiitake mushrooms, there are mainly two stages. The first stage is the cultivation of strains, and the second stage is the cultivation of cultured strains. The preparation of strains can be divided into three steps: The first is the cultivation of mother (also known as first-class or tube species), and the mother species can be obtained by methods such as spore separation, tissue separation, or substrate mycelia separation. The second is to cultivate the original species (also known as the second species), use the mother of the mycelia into the medium such as wood chips or grain, expand the breeding and culture into the original species. The third is the cultivation of cultivated species (also known as the third-class species or production species), the use of the original species of mycelium, and then expand the propagation of one, that is made into cultivars, which can be directly put into production. In this way, the number of mycelia of edible fungi has increased substantially after continuous expansion of the parent species, original species, and cultivated species. Most of the peasants purchase parent species from the strain manufacturer, and then produce their own species and cultivars. The method of cultivating the culture of the original species and cultivars is the same, but there are many types and formulations of the culture medium. The following are only the commonly used types: 1. Grain (grain, corn kernels) medium formula is 50 kg of grain Add 0.5 kg of plaster. Wash the grain with clean water and soak it for about 12 hours to fully absorb water. Soak the grains in the pot and cook them until they are cooked and not rotten. After mixing out the water, mix the gypsum powder with the grains. This medium is suitable for use as a stock culture medium. 2. The medium formulation of sawdust is 78% of broad-leaved coarse wood chips, 20% of wheat bran or rice bran, 1% of white sugar, and 1% of gypsum. The production method is to sieve the selected wood chips to the wood block and the bark, first mixing the wood chips, the wheat bran and the gypsum, and then mixing the melted sugar water. When the prepared medium is held by hand, it is better to have water overflowing between the fingers without dropping drops (water content is 60%). This medium is suitable for the production of elite and cultivars. After the above medium is properly prepared, it can be bottled and loaded to the shoulder. If it is a wood pulp culture medium, the culture medium is required to reach the level of loosening and loosening in the bottle. A cone with a diameter of about 1.5 cm is inserted in the middle of the bottle and is directly through the bottom of the bottle to increase the oxygen, which facilitates the propagation of mycelium and wipes the inside and outside of the bottle mouth. Net, canned bottles are sealed with polyethylene film at normal pressure or polyethylene film, and wine bottles can be sealed with tampon. The production rate of the bottles is high, but the bottles are fragile and the cost is high. There are certain difficulties in large-scale production and transportation. In recent years, more and more mushroom farmers have produced cultivars from plastic bags, which have the advantages of being light and inexpensive. There are two types of plastic bags: polyethylene and polypropylene. Polyethylene bags can only be used for normal pressure sterilization. Polypropylene bags can be used under normal pressure and autoclave sterilization. Plastic bag specifications are suitable for 17300.005 (plastic film thickness) centimeters. China Agricultural Network Editor