With the continuous adjustment of the planting structure in Turpan, the solar greenhouse has developed rapidly. According to the regional facility agriculture development plan, 100,000 solar greenhouses will be newly developed by 2015, of which 50%-80% will be planted with melons and fruit trees. The light and heat of the Turpan Basin The resources are abundant and the frost-free period is long. It is suitable for the development of melon spring early and late autumn and late cultivation, prolonging the market time of melon and improving the economic benefits of farmers. At present, the early cultivation of melon spring has become a scale, but the autumn late cultivation is susceptible to external temperature changes and technology. Master the influence of proficiency, and the temperature conditions of melon growth and development needs the opposite, that is, the high temperature in the seedling stage affects the emergence of seedlings, which is easy to grow; the fruit development period is the low temperature season, which is not conducive to maturity, and improper management will bring greater losses. Based on years of planting experience, a set of high-efficiency cultivation techniques was summarized for the similar production of melons in the greenhouse. 1 greenhouse preparation 1.1 facility selection The solar greenhouse in the late autumn and late production in Turpan, Xinjiang requires: length 80-100m, span 8-9m; ridge height 3m, shoulder height 1.5m; back wall total thickness 120cm (dry barrier); Polyvinyl chloride with high light transmittance has no dripping film and is equipped with quilt insulation. The greenhouse adopts up and down ventilation, the upper air outlet is 1.2-1.8m, the lower air outlet is 1.2-1.6m, and each is covered with 60 mesh insect nets. Covering and fixing. In and out door hanging insect net curtain, late hanging cotton curtain. Pulling 2.0m high wire in the greenhouse is convenient for hanging vines and hanging melons. It is used to hang the shade net or the old shed film when planting and planting. 1.2 Land consolidation and soil treatment Melon should be re-applied as organic fertilizer in the greenhouse, 667m2 should be applied to decomposed sheep manure 10t, compound fertilizer 50kg, carbendazim 2kg, shallow turn. Pouring large water, deducting shed film shack. In the early July, make full use of the region in summer The characteristics of high temperature are high temperature suffocating shed, and at the same time, insecticide and sterilizing fumigant are applied, and the shack is generally 7-10d (days). When the soil does not touch the iron shovel, turn the ground to a depth of 35-40cm, then ridge, the ridge distance is 1.3m, the ridge height is 20cm, covering the mulch. It is best to use the under-film drip irrigation for conditional conditions. 2 variety selection and seed treatment Melon varieties should be selected to be resistant to heavy mites, disease-resistant, low-light, and high-quality varieties, such as Xizhou Mi 1 and Xizhou Mi 25, which are suitable for greenhouse cultivation. The live broadcast is usually soaked in warm water of 55-60 ° C (ie 3 parts of boiling water and 1 part of cold water), and then naturally cooled and dried to be sown. Seedlings are warm soaked. Put the seeds into 70 ° C water and stir well. When the water temperature drops to 30 ° C, rinse with water, then soak for 8 h (hours), remove the surface moisture of the seeds. Place 2-3 layers of clean damp cloth on the bottom of the clean container and spread the seeds on a damp cloth with a thickness of 2-3 cm. Cover the top with 2-3 layers of wet cloth and germination at 25-30 °C. Rinse with water every day, and sown after 36-48h of whitening. Pour the bottom water for 3-5 days before sowing or planting, and lay the foundation for the later seedlings. 3.1 live broadcast In general, the late autumn melon cultivation in the greenhouse can be carried out by live broadcast before August 5. Double-row cross-cutting points, plant spacing 50-60cm, 667m2 sowing 1700-2000 points, covering the soil to cover the plastic film around the seeding point. The bare film is covered with soil to reduce the early ground temperature. 3.2 nursery 3.2.1 Seeding time using substrate plug seedlings. Different seedling time is determined according to different maturity stages, generally 1d after planting or transplanting, and maturity is delayed by 3-7d. Take July 25th as an example, Xizhou Mi 1 Mature around October 10, about 25 on the 25th of Xizhou. 3.2.2 Before seeding, the seedling medium should be sprayed with water, hand-kneaded into a group, and the hands should be loosely opened. Then, the trays are placed, and one seed of germination seeds is planted at each hole, which is about 1 cm deep and the radicle is downward. Cover the medium after the broadcast, place the tray on the seedbed, spray it with water, and pour it through. A small arch frame is built on the seedbed, and a layer of insect net is covered on the seedling bed, and a shade net is required when the shade is covered. 3.2.3 Seedbed management The seedling bed temperature before emergence is controlled at 28-35 °C during the day and 20-25 °C during the night. After the large-area emergence, the daytime temperature is maintained at 20-25 °C, and the nighttime is 15-18 °C. The water and temperature are properly controlled to ensure Light, prevent seedlings from growing and promote root growth. 4 timely colonization When the seedling age of melon is transplanted at 20-25d, it is transplanted and planted (3-5 pieces of true leaves). The colonization is usually carried out in the afternoon or on cloudy days. The hole of 10-15cm deep is used to drill the planting hole with 10cm diameter hole puncher. Put it into the hole, squeeze it around slightly, and pour the soil after covering the water. 5 post-plant management 5.1 Fertilizer management Fertilizer management can be based on the condition of the seedlings. If the plants show signs of water shortage (noise leaves at noon, no water droplets in the morning leaves and stem tips), water can be appropriately added. If there is too much water, the ground is growing rapidly, but underground. The growth of the part is slow, and the root distribution of the plant is shallow, which affects the later growth. After the seedling is planted, the seedling water is poured, and watering is less before the flowering, and more seedlings are planted. After the flowering, in order to promote the fruit setting, watering can be appropriately carried out, and the flooding of the water is avoided, resulting in the plant growing length. Influence the fruit setting. After the fruit is placed, the expanded melon water is poured, and the foliar fertilizer mainly based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is sprayed twice. The water is controlled 10-15 days before harvesting, and the proper drying is carried out to improve the quality of the melon. 5.2 Temperature and humidity management The temperature in the early stage is high. After sowing or planting, the melon seedlings should be shaded. The ventilation should be increased every day. As the temperature decreases, the ventilation time should be changed at any time. When the temperature is low, the air inlet should be adjusted in advance, but at the same time, the humidity control should be paid attention to. Pay attention to proper ventilation when the humidity is high in the later period. Generally, the greenhouse temperature should be kept at around 28 °C during the day and above 15 °C at night. 5.3 pruning In order to make full use of the space inside the greenhouse, enhance ventilation and light transmission, and improve the quality of melon, it is generally cultivated with single vines and vines. Plastic materials can be used for hanging vine materials. In order to avoid damage and root disease after planting, the vine should be pulled early. The method is that the plastic rope is wound around the base of the melon stem; the other end is tied to the wire above the shed, and the plant grows up around the plastic rope. The vines are removed below 8 knots and above 13 knots, and the fruit nodes are 9-12. Festival, female flowers above the topping. In the process of pruning, the removed branches should be cleaned in time to keep the ground clean. The main vines 22-25 leaves topped and the top left a growth point. 5.4 Fruit development management 5.4.1 Pollination and pollination using artificial aided pollination or bee pollination, it is not recommended to use the seat melon. Artificial pollination When the female flower of the reserved branch is open, the male flower petals opened on the day are stripped from 9:00 to 11:00 and opened on the same day. Gently wipe the head of the female flower on the head to make the pollen evenly spread on the stigma. The higher the position of the male flower, the larger the flower and the more pollen. 5.4.2 The fruit selection is about 1 week after pollination. When the fruit grows to the size of the egg, the fruit is fixed. One plant only leaves 1 fruit, and the rest is removed. The fruit must be dried on a sunny day. It must be ventilated and dried to avoid the invasion of bacteria. 5.4.3 The hanging melon can be used to hang the melon in time after the fruit is inflated. The hanging melon can be hanged on the side branch of the base of the stalk with a soft rope or a plastic rope, so that the result is horizontal, and the upper end is fixed on the wire for hanging vines. Easy to manage and harvest. 6 pest control The greenhouse melon disease has a great relationship with the management operation. Pay special attention to the humidity in the greenhouse. If the normal growth of the melon is not affected, try to keep the humidity in a lower range to reduce the occurrence of the disease. The seedling stage is prone to collapse. It can be sprayed or rooted with 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution or carbendazim 500 times solution. Bacterial leaf spot can be controlled by 72% agricultural streptomycin WP 5,000 times solution and thiophanate-methyl. In the early stage of the disease, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 600 times solution can be used to prevent and control powdery mildew. 40% polysulfide suspension 500 times solution or 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate 6000 times solution. The pests mainly have aphids, Whitefly and red spider can be covered with a 60-mesh insect net in the greenhouse vent to prevent insects from entering, or hanging yellow plate to trap; early detection, timely use of 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 times solution and avermectin 4000 times solution Prevention and control, when a large amount is found, it can be controlled by aerosol fumigation. 7 harvesting and packaging The determination of suitable harvesting period directly affects the commodity value of melon. Harvesting can generally be calculated according to the date of flowering pollination and the growth period of the variety. The “T†shaped fruit handle should be retained during harvesting, and the shoulder should be labeled with a trademark and wrapped in a foam net. It is packed in a single-layer carton. The wall of the carton is provided with ventilation holes to facilitate ventilation. The carton is covered with paper scraps or foam material to avoid shaking the fruit in the box during transportation. The long-distance transportation can be harvested 2-3d earlier, harvesting It is best to do this in the morning when the temperature is low. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
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