Artichoke cultivation (1) Site preparation and fertilization Choose artichokes that are loose, fertile, and well-drained. In the autumn, the remaining stalks and weeds are removed and concentrated for deep burial or high temperature composting. In the autumn, the fertilization is deep in 25 cm, and in the spring, the ploughing is carried out 1 or 2 times, and the shovel is broken and fully flattened; the whole plot is designed to have a slope of 0.3% according to the drainage direction, which is favorable for drainage; according to the spacing of 1.2 to 1.5 meters, it is made higher. The 15 cm floor is covered with a silver-gray or white mulch. (2) Colonization The planting time is generally determined by the weather and the growth of the seedlings. The specific time varies greatly from place to place. The temperature is stable at 15 °C, and the temperature is stable at 10 °C. Planting is too early, the seedlings are susceptible to freezing damage; if the planting is too late, it will enter the rainy days in June, the soil moisture is high, and the seedling survival rate is reduced. The size of the seedlings should be planted separately to facilitate the growth of the field. The average row spacing is 1.2-1.5 m, the plant spacing is 80-120 cm, the density is 5 550-6600 plants per mu, and the planting depth is about 20 cm. It can be ditched and planted. Planting, watering in time after planting. (3) Field management 1. New seedling management 3 to 5 days after planting, the seedling water is poured once, and the soil is ploughed twice, combined with weeding, seedlings for 10 to 15 days to promote root growth. From September to October, it is the period of strong vegetative growth. To ensure the water supply, no water will be poured in November, and the soil should be loosened for wintering. After the end of the seedlings and from August to September, the fertilizer should be applied 2 to 4 times. The application of the hole can also be carried out in a deep ditch. Each time, each application of decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer 1 000 kg or bio-organic fertilizer 500 kg can also be applied. 40 kg of potassium compound fertilizer, watering after topdressing. Artichokes are vulnerable to mites and small tigers. They should be prevented in time from May to July. Root rots are easily infected from July to September. The soil should be grasped after the rain, and the diseased plants should be cut off in the ground and mixed with quicklime powder. The dry soil is applied. 2. Plant wintering management Artichokes can't stand the low temperature, so take protective measures before winter: after the first frost, hit the lower leaves, ridge the soil, reduce the water; when the average temperature drops to 3 ~ 5 ° C, cut the middle and upper parts of the plant, Leave only 15 to 20 cm of the base, and then bury the stalks 10 cm above the petiole and below the petiole, and cover the wheat straw or straw 15-20 cm thick around and at the top, and add a layer of soil to the top. In the area south of the Yangtze River, only the base of the plant is covered with soil, so that the ground can be safely overwintered. 3. Spring management In the area north of the Yangtze River, the top cover soil should be removed in early March, and the straw around the plant should be properly opened to facilitate ventilation until the top wheat straw or straw is removed by the frost, and the soil temperature is increased by loosening the soil. In the first ten days of April, acupuncture points were applied to both sides of the plant, and 1 000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer or 30 kg of NPK compound fertilizer was applied per mu, and then the ridge was cleared. Topdressing was carried out once in May, and spraying with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate leaves 3 to 4 times. In the harvesting period from the flowering stem to the flower bud, choose sunny and timely watering, and pour it once every 10 days; when the rain is too much, drain it in time to prevent stagnant water. Main pest control of artichoke (a) root rot Most occur in the rainy season from July to September and the airtight land. The rhizome and root cortex of the diseased plant were light brown to dark brown rot. The vascular bundles are discolored, and the diseased plants are wilting at noon, recovering from early evening to early morning. When the condition is severe, the aboveground plants gradually wilted until they die. The bacteria overwinter in the soil with chlamydospores, sclerotia or mycelium, becoming the main source of infection in the second year, spreading and spreading through rain or irrigation water. Root rot is caused by the application of unfermented organic fertilizer, frequent occurrence of underground pests, and serious accumulation of water in the field after clay and rain. Control methods: 1 After the harvest, the plant residues are completely removed, and the harmless treatment is concentrated and unified to reduce the pathogens in the field. 2 Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer, sorghum cultivation, soil that is too heavy to be planted; strengthen field management during growth, prevent water accumulation after rain in the field, strengthen cultivating loose soil, and timely control underground pests. 3 In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution, or 50% carbendazim suspension 600 times solution, or 98% methicillin WP 2 500 times solution for root irrigation or spray control. (2) Locust After planting, it is easily damaged by aphids and can be covered with silver-gray mulch for prevention. At the beginning of the occurrence, it can be sprayed with 1% azadirachtin water agent 800 to 1,000 times liquid, or 0.65% artemisinin water agent 400 to 500 times liquid spray. (3) Little Land Tiger The larvae feed on the base of the stem near the ground, and later they can bite off, causing decay and affecting the growth of artichokes. The small ground tigers are severely affected by low-lying and easy-to-water plots. Control methods: 1 In the spring, remove the vegetable fields and surrounding weeds to prevent small tigers from laying eggs. 2 Stir fry the wheat bran with 90% trichlorfon, and scatter the rhizosphere soil in the evening to trap the larvae. When the occurrence is serious, 20% imidacloprid (Confludo) soluble liquid solution can be used to control the roots. 3 using insecticidal lamps to trap adult insects can also use sugar, vinegar pots to trap adult insects, including 6 parts of sugar, 3 parts of vinegar, 1 part of white wine, 10 parts of water and 1 part of 90% trichlorfon, stir well and put into plastic pots. Place the field to trap the adult in the evening. Artichoke harvesting and its later management (1) Harvesting Artichokes planted for more than one year can be harvested from the beginning of May until the end of June. 1 to 2 days before the opening of the flower bud, and the external sputum of the flower bud is blue-green or lavender, with luster, and the base sputum is best harvested when it is opened. The premature harvest is low and the value of the commodity is too late. The temperature is suitable in mid-May, the flower buds grow very fast, and the harvest should be timely, usually harvested once every 3 days. Harvesting is carried out in the morning, cut off from the bottom of the flowerbed with scissors, sorted for sale or stored, 50-100 grams of the upper flower bud can be made into canned food, 100-350 grams of flower buds for fresh sale. The plants with the growth of 3 years have the highest yield, and each plant can harvest 10 to 25 flower buds, and the harvesting period can reach 5 to 10 years. (2) Post management After harvesting the flower buds, it is necessary to carry out flat fertilization, divide the old stems from the ground above 10 cm from the ground, remove the residual leaves, loosen the soil around the plants, and then ditch or open the holes for topdressing. Organic fertilizer 1 000 kg. When pruning, the strong branches of 5-20 cm long can be selected from the excess branches. The stems are cut from the mother stems and inserted into the seedbed of the sandy loam soil to maintain high humidity and temperature of 20-23 °C for 30 days. Roots can be rooted to produce seedlings. The key factors for artichoke cultivation to achieve high yield are field management and pest control. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone Guangzhou Zhongzhinan Supply Chain Co.,Ltd. , https://www.zhongzhinanlighting.com
High-yield cultivation techniques for health vegetables, artichoke
[Healthy vegetable artichoke ecological high-yield cultivation technology] Artichoke is a kind of health-care vegetable with high nutritional value. It is called "the king of vegetables". There are many ways to eat artichoke: flower buds can be fried, raw food, and made. Soups and salads can also be made into cans and jams; leaves can also be used to make wine, which has a high edible value. The following article introduces the ecological high-yield cultivation techniques of health vegetable artichoke.