Seedling cultivation is an important stage of pepper growth and development. This period is also an important stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pepper, which has a great influence on the yield and quality of pepper. Moreover, in the process of raising seedlings, there are often many problems in the process of raising peppers. Today, Xiaobian summarizes the six common problems and solutions in pepper breeding. First, the phenomenon of wearing a cap of pepper seedlings When peppers are raised, the seed coat does not fall off after the seedlings are unearthed, and the cotyledons cannot be stretched. It is commonly called “wearing a hat†or “top shellâ€, which is easy to form weak seedlings. Reason: Because the cover soil is too thin during seedling, the seed coat is too light or covered with soil and grass, and the bottom is not enough. The cover soil is easy to be dried, and the seed coat is dry and hard; the seedlings are too early and premature. Remove the film or grasshopper, or remove it at noon on a sunny day to make the seed coat difficult to fall off. In addition, poor seed quality, such as immature or Chen seeds, or seeds infected by pests and diseases, can also occur "wearing caps." Measures: The seedbed is poured through the bottom water, the soil is evenly covered, the thickness is appropriate, and covered with film or grasshopper in time to keep the soil moist, so that the seed coat is soft and easy to fall off. If the topsoil is too dry, it can be sprayed with water or thinly layered. Sifting fine soil to increase the wettability and pressure of the soil surface, helping the cotyledons to shell; the seeds are laid flat, the seed shell is subjected to soil resistance, the seed coat is evenly absorbed, the cotyledons are easily detached from the seed coat, and a small amount of capping seedlings are artificially Pick a seedling. Second, the seedlings are not uniform 1. The same part of the same seedbed is inconsistent Reason: The quality of the seeds is poor. If the maturity is inconsistent, the seeds are washed and irrigated when the seeds are mixed and germinated, and the temperature and humidity are not properly controlled. If the seeds are not thoroughly disinfected and infected by viruses, they will cause uneven germination. Measures: Before germination, carry out germination experiment, select seeds with strong germination potential and high germination rate; seeds must be disinfected, and seeds should not be directly sown with pathogens; dip seeds and germination during the process of tumbling, strictly control temperature and humidity, avoid boiled seeds. 2. Inconsistent emergence of different parts of the same seedbed Reason: the seedbed is not flat, the bottom water is not evenly poured, the wetland first emerges, the dry place does not produce seedlings; the light is uneven, the temperature is different, the temperature of the seedbed is higher than the shade, the emergence is fast; the geothermal line is unreasonable, the line is dense The temperature is high and the emergence is fast; the thickness of the cover soil is inconsistent after sowing, the growth rate is thick at the thick place, the condition of the seedling bed is poor, and the cover is not strict, the air leaks and the temperature is low, which affects the emergence of the seedling; the shed film is damaged, often leaks, the local bed The soil is too wet, causing low temperature and high humidity, which is not conducive to emergence; the bed soil is not mature enough, with pathogens, or there are hazards such as cockroaches, cockroaches and rats, and it will also be out of shape. Measures: Select land with high terrain, good drainage, leeward and sunny, intensive cultivation, keep clean; strictly select and configure nutrient soil, bed soil should be fertile and loose; disinfect seed and soil, use soil to protect seedlings, reduce disease, Insects and rodents; flatten the seedbed, pour the bottom of the water; sow evenly, and strengthen the management after the soil is uniformly planted, so that the temperature, humidity and air permeability of each part of the seedbed are consistent. Third, seedling roots and rooting 1, root When the roots are rooted (rotten root), the roots are rusted. When the roots are severe, the epidermis rots, and the new roots are not long. The seedlings are easy to wither. Cause: The bed soil temperature is too low and the humidity is too high. Measures: rationally configure the bed soil, improve the seedling conditions, maintain the proper temperature, strengthen the ventilation and ventilation, control the watering amount, adjust the humidity, especially not to water the cloudy day. Once the roots are generated, timely ventilate and dehumidify, increase the evaporation; dilute the loose soil and increase the permeability; seedbed ash and 3% of slaked lime, or 1:500 times of chlorothalonil dry fine soil, or spray high efficiency Foliar fertilizer and so on. 2, burning roots When rooting, the root tip is yellow, not new root, but not rotten root, the aerial part grows slowly, short and brittle, does not grow, the leaves are small and wrinkled, easy to form small old seedlings. Reason: The organic fertilizer is not fully decomposed, or the bed soil is not fully sieved and mixed well; the local fertilization is too much, the soil solution concentration is too large; the soil is dry and the soil temperature is too high. Measures: Select the bed soil with fully decomposed organic fertilizer, do not apply too much chemical fertilizer, must control the fertilization concentration, strictly use according to the regulations; watering should be suitable to keep the soil moist; reduce soil temperature, burn root, appropriate Watering, reducing the concentration of soil solution, and increasing the number of watering depending on the condition of the seedling. Fourth, the seedlings and aging seedlings 1, Chang Chang Miao Long seedlings, also called tall seedlings, thin stems, long internodes, sparse leaves, thin and large leaves, pale green leaves, soft tissue, underdeveloped roots, poor disease resistance and resistance, low photosynthetic level, after colonization The slow seedling is slow and the survival rate is low. Reason: insufficient light, high night temperature, excessive nitrogen fertilizer and water; excessive seeding density, seedlings crowded and long; before and after seedlings, temperature management is not good, bed temperature is too high. Measures: The seedbed is selected to keep the film clean, improve the light transmittance and enhance the light in the place where the leeward is sunny. Use shade nets as little as possible. Timely ventilation, appropriate reduction of night temperature, strict control of humidity, so that the night temperature is maintained at 15-18 degrees. Dilute, and time seedlings, transplanting seedlings to prevent seedlings from being overcrowded. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used together. Use growth inhibitors to control the length of the apprentice, such as spraying 2000-4000 mg / kg. 2, aged seedlings Slow growth or stagnation, root aging rust, stem dwarf, short internodes, small and thick leaves, dark and dull leaf color, crisp and hard tissue, slow growth, weak growth, low yield, such as cucumber The phenomenon of "flower topping" is the typical symptom of "aging seedlings" or "small old seedlings". Reason: the bed soil is too dry, the bed temperature is too low, the seedling age is too long, the nutrition is insufficient, the water control is too strict, and the refining of the seedlings is excessive; when the seedlings are raised with the nursery, the water is not timely and the water is seriously dehydrated due to the water grounding. , accelerate the aging of seedlings. Measures: suitable for seedling age, promotion of seedling technology with temperature as the fulcrum, temperature control and water control; seedlings should be moderate, low-temperature refining time should not be too long, water supply is suitable, timely ventilation and dehumidification after watering. Found that the aging seedlings, in addition to pay attention to the normal temperature and humidity of the tube, can spray 10-30 mg / kg of gibberellin, or spray Ye Baobao. 5. "Sparkling seedlings" and "sweet seedlings" The seedlings cannot quickly adapt to the drastic changes in temperature and humidity, resulting in violent loss of water, and the leaves are dry, the leaves are white, and even the leaves are dry. Excessive ventilation and rapid dehumidification are called “flashing seedlingsâ€, and the wilting caused by too fast heating and untimely ventilation is called “sweet seedlingsâ€. Reason: The former is violently ventilated, and the air exchange inside and outside the seedbed is severe, causing the humidity in the bed to drop suddenly. The latter is low temperature and high humidity, low nutrient consumption under low light, poor resistance to stress, long cloudy and rainy, warming too fast, ventilation is not timely and not suitable. Measures: Ventilation should be from the leeward side, the vents from small to large, the time from short to long. The rainy weather, especially the cloudy days, should be separated and exposed. Topdressing the roots and roots with potassium dihydrogen phosphate or the like. Six, pouring seedlings The most common "pour seedlings" are caused by rickets and blight, where the rhizome collapses and falls, and the diseased department first has white or light brown mold. Reason: The seedbed is too wet, the seedlings are too dense, and the seedlings are not timely, which is conducive to the occurrence and spread of most fungal pathogens; the nutrient soil is not disinfected or disinfected thoroughly, and the unfertilized organic fertilizer is applied; continuous rainy, insufficient light, long time low temperature, Poor ventilation, etc. Measures: disinfection of bed soil and seeds, use of decomposed organic fertilizer to reduce the chance of contact with pathogenic bacteria; sowing should not be too dense, cover with soil after sowing, and time seedlings; loose bed soil, control watering, or often sprinkle on seedbed Hay ash or fine soil to reduce moisture; combined with chemical control, first remove soil with soil, then use 800-1000 times 75% chlorothalonil, 50% carbendazim or 65% mancozeb spray, 7- Once every 10 days, even spray 2-3 times. The above are the six problems and solutions that often occur in pepper seedlings. In the process of planting peppers, the most important thing in seedling raising, the above six major problems, farmers must pay attention when raising seedlings, so as not to affect the normal growth of peppers, hope The above can help farmers. For the wonderful pictures and hot comments about pepper seedlings, you may be interested in the following recommended content, welcome to read. Maltodextrin In Baby Formula,Custom Maltodextrin,Maltodextrin Raise Blood Sugar,Maltodextrin To Dextrose Ratio JILIN COFCO BIO-CHEM AND BIO-ENERGY MARKETING CO., LTD , https://www.cofco-biotech.com.jpg "Six common problems and solutions for pepper seedlings")
