Grafting transformation technology of low-yield boss of Liaoning Kuantian

Kuandian County, Liaoning Province is the main production area of ​​chestnut, but since there are many old chestnut trees in the area, these old trees have only a small number of tree shoots, which not only has low yield, but also has poor fruit quality and is inconvenient to manage. Therefore, in order to improve this problem, the local authorities have re-retracted the chestnut tree and grafted the fine varieties, which has brought the old tree to life and greatly increased the yield of chestnut. Then Xiaobian will simply talk about the low-yielding boss of Liaoning Kuandian. Chestnut grafting transformation technology.

辽宁宽甸低产老板栗树嫁接改造技术

1 boss chestnut update

The old tree is updated by cutting off the big branches from the middle or the lower part, growing new branches to form new canopies, then grafting the improved seeds and shaping them, restoring the canopy and achieving the stereoscopic results. Generally updated in March. After the update, the germination of the buds is more, so it is necessary to select the strong branches with good angle and position for cultivation, and perform 2 to 3 times of topping treatment to promote the secondary branches and the third branches. When the thickness of the new shoot is 2 to 3 cm, the excellent variety is selected in time for grafting transformation.

2 grafting technology

2.1 Selection of fine varieties

There are three varieties of good varieties. One is to adapt to the local natural conditions, the other is to adapt to the market demand, and the third is to pay attention to the affinity of the grafted varieties and the chestnut tree. In general, Dandong chestnut rootstock can only be grafted with Dandong chestnut varieties, Chinese chestnut The rootstock can only choose the grafting of Chinese chestnut varieties.

辽宁宽甸低产老板栗树嫁接改造技术

2.2 Configuration of pollination varieties

Chestnut gardens generally graft 2 to 3 excellent varieties to each other as pollination trees. Of course, one can also be a main variety, and another pollination variety is arranged with a ratio of 5:1.

2.3 Preparation of improved seeding scion

(1) Collection of scion: The scion should be collected from the designated good individual plants. The harvesting time is generally one month before the germination of the chestnut tree. The scion is generally a healthy one-year-old development branch or result branch. As a scion.

(2) Storage of scion: The harvested scion is immediately sorted out to remove pests, freezes, mechanical damage and undeveloped branches, and then bundled into small bundles according to a certain amount, and the varieties are marked and then placed. Store in a low-temperature moisturizing cellar, and 1/3 of the lower part of the scion is buried in the wet sand. During storage, the humidity of the sand and the temperature inside the crucible should be checked frequently to prevent the scavenging fever or water loss.

(3) Wax seal of the scion: remove the stored scion and wash the sediment 15 days before grafting, and then dry the water and cut the branch of about 15 cm, retain at least 3 buds, then place the paraffin in the container. Heating and melting, when the wax temperature is 95-100 ° C, the cut scion is quickly held into the wax liquid by hand, and then the other end is required to require the paraffin to completely seal the scion. After the wax seal, the scion is placed in a cool place to dissipate heat. After being cool, it is stored in a cool and humid cellar, and it can be used as needed for grafting.

2.4 Grafting period

The grafting period of Kuandian County is generally from April 20 to May 10, while the northern part can be delayed until May 20; when grafting, choose a warmer, sunny weather.

2.5 Grafting method

(1) Insert the leather: first cut the updated new branch at the grafting site or cut it off. After cutting a long shaved surface of 3 to 4 cm in the lower part of the scion, cut a short bevel on the opposite side of the long shaving surface so that the lower end of the scion is slightly pointed, and at the same time, at least 2 buds should be left in the upper part of the scion. Cut a longitudinal incision slightly shorter than the length of the scion in the smooth section of the rootstock. Gently push the bark to the sides and cut the long cut of the scion to the xylem. The cortex and xylem are in the middle of the incision. Inserted between, the long shaved face exposed 0.3 ~ 0.5 cm. Generally, the rootstock has a thickness of 2 cm and one scion is inserted, and 2 to 4 cm are inserted into the two scions. After the insertion, the scion is tightly packed with a plastic film.

(2) Abdominal connection: The abdomen connection is an effective method for increasing the result site by inserting the skin of the trunk of the main trunk or the main branch of the main branch. When grafting, first cut a "T"-shaped incision in the smooth part of the bark, and the incision should be deep into the xylem. The bark above the incision is cut into a semi-circular slope, which is conducive to the insertion and strictness of the scion. . The scion should be long, thick and slightly curved, and the cutting method should be connected with the leather. After the scion is inserted, the large shaved surface should be completely attached to the xylem of the rootstock, and then wrapped with a plastic film to prevent rainwater from flowing under the trunk.

辽宁宽甸低产老板栗树嫁接改造技术

3 Management after grafting and transformation

3.1 Connector bagging

After the grafting is done, use the white food bag to cover the scion and the interface. Tighten the lower part and wait for the bud to germinate. When the new shoot is 5 to 10 cm long, the bag should be removed in time.

3.2 Supplement

After most of the scion sprouting, the unsuccessful pre-storage scion is cut off a small section below the original interface for supplementary grafting, which can improve the uniformity and increase the pre-production.

3.3 In addition to Meng

Two weeks after grafting, the rootstock will grow on the rootstock. This is to remove the sprouts at any time. If the trunk or main branch is longer, you can choose the angle and orientation to keep it, and then graft it after the second year. air.

3.4 loosening

When the scion sprouts and the new shoots are as long as 30 cm long, the plastic film of the dressing interface is loosened, and in order not to affect the formation of the callus, it can be tied again after loosening, and then removed before the rainy season. .

3.5 Setting the windproof pillar

At the same time of loosening, the wooden stick with a length of about 80 cm and a thickness of 2 to 3 cm is fixed on the rootstock, and then the new tip is tied to the wooden stick. The new shoot is fixed once every 30 cm to prevent it from being The wind is blowing.

3.6 Topping

When the new shoots of the scion were 30-40 cm long, the first topping was carried out; when the secondary branches were longer to 40 cm, the cuts were 5-8 cm, the control was prolonged, and the branches were promoted; For the new shoots that are not stopped, the tip of the shoot is cut at the big leaf bud.

3.7 Plastic trimming

In the 2nd to 3rd years after grafting, the permanent branches should be determined and gradually cultivated into the backbone branches; when the winter shears, the peripheral branches should be controlled, and the branches should be removed for a long time to cultivate a reasonable crown shape to achieve stereoscopic results; after grafting for 5 years Control the amount of results, update and rejuvenate the resulting branch group, delay the migration of the result site, and prevent premature aging.

3.8 Soil and Water Management

After the old tree is re-grafted, it is necessary to strengthen the management of soil and fertilizer water. After grafting from August to September of the year, 2~3 times of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is sprayed on the foliar surface to improve the maturity of the branches; at the same time, soil management and weed control in the garden should be done well. When it is dry, it should be watered in time.

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