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The development direction of swine vaccine research
Due to various reasons, the application of traditional vaccines in pigs occupies a large proportion in the market. The traditional method is used to strengthen the management of vaccines, and further studies are made on the immunogenicity of good mycorrhizal (toxic) strains, and the production process and automation are improved. Controlling the methods of culturing antigens, improving cell culture techniques, and improving the quality of traditional vaccines are still an important aspect of vaccine research. Advances in molecular biology, genetics, and immunology, and the application of genetic engineering experimental techniques have also led to rapid development in the research and development of swine vaccines. Progress and results have been achieved in many fields, and lay a solid foundation for application. The possibility of a practical new generation of vaccines has greatly increased. Vector vaccines use molecular biology genetic engineering techniques to achieve more stable and non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Herpes virus thymidine kinase-deleted (TK-) variants, vaccines prepared from subvariable strains are easy and on-site The identification of strains will greatly contribute to the diagnosis and extinguishing of diseases. Using this technology, various protective antigen genes can also be inserted into various vector systems. The modified carrier microorganisms can express protective antigens encoding pathogenic microorganisms. Exogenous genes, regardless of bacterial or viral vectors, may have the advantages of having both live and dead vaccines, as well as the safety of subunit vaccines and the effectiveness of live vaccines. The genetic engineered group vaccine inserts gene coding fragments having immunogenic antigenic determinants into bacterial, yeast, insect cells and mammalian cell genomes that can be serially passaged, and produces a large number of antigens by genetic engineering techniques and prepares them. Only contains immunogenic purified vaccine. The first commercially-available genetic engineering subunit vaccine for veterinary vaccines is Escherichia coli pneumococcal K88 and K99 vaccines for preventing diarrhea in piglets, and research reports on the subunit vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease. In addition, it is also possible to express a protein antibody gene that can be used as a subunit in vitro, and it is also possible to increase the possibility of its application by improving its gene expression system and protein separation and purification technology. The application of nucleic acid vaccine DNA vaccine technology has been widely reported and has great research value. It consists of a gene encoding a pathogenic protein antigen and its eukaryotic recombinant expression vector plasmid, which is introduced into animal cells by intramuscular injection and other methods. The target antigen protein is expressed by the host cell, thereby inducing humoral and cellular immune responses of the body and achieving the purpose of preventing and treating diseases. Nucleic acid vaccine is a new biological technology that was developed in the early 1990s. It is an encouraging and potentially promising area of ​​research and has broad prospects. Synthetic Peptide Vaccines It is possible to synthesize peptides that are immunogenic by chemical means using existing techniques and to use them as vaccines for the prevention of certain viral infections (synthetic polypeptide vaccines). Deletion of gene-generating seedlings at the level of DNA or cDNA impedes the deletion of genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, making it difficult for the defective virus strain to spontaneously revert to a virulent strain, to normally proliferate and replicate, and to have good immunogenicity. This is a development activity. The ideal way for the vaccine. The swine pseudorabies gene deletion vaccine (TK and gp3 deletion) currently developed in this way has been successfully launched into the market, and the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli LT gene A subgene is excised, while the B subgenomic gene is cloned into the conjugated pilus ( In the E. coli strains such as K88, K99, etc.), live vaccines have been made and it has been demonstrated that there is a good immune effect on piglets jaundice. Anti-idiotypic vaccines contain various antibodies, ie, anti-antibodies, that are directed against the antigen binding sites of natural antibodies. This anti-idiotypic antibody becomes an image of the original antigen, so when the vaccine is inoculated into the animal by injection, it can induce an immune response against the antigen. Transgenic plants produce vaccines that use transgenic plant technology to produce new vaccines. The structure of plant virions is very stable and can accumulate to a very high concentration in natural hosts. These viruses can be used as vectors to insert genes encoding the desired exogenous epitopes, express exogenous proteins, and transmit these traits to children. On behalf of it, it became a new line of plants expressing vaccines for production, and through its large-scale planting and harvesting, the purpose of producing vaccines was achieved. Among the currently developed transgenic plant vaccines, the LT-B vaccine against toxigenic Escherichia coli was the most successful. In addition, the rabies virus glycoprotein (G protein) gene, the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VPI gene, and the transmissible gastroenteritis virus S glycoprotein ( The TGEVS) gene is also being used as a vaccine for research and development, and it has also achieved certain results with a broad production prospect. In summary, vaccine immunization is the most powerful tool for preventing swine diseases. Research and development in the field of vaccines are being developed and deepened. The current hot spots are mainly in recombinant vaccines and bioengineered vaccines, and genetic engineering and biological adjuvants. It also plays a very important role in the vaccine process. Strengthening the development of swine vaccine will make a major contribution to pig production.