Ornamental gourd ornamental gourd belongs to the genus Cucurbitaceae, native to the tropics, only for viewing, not edible. 1. Main varieties and characteristics (1) Small gourd. Roots are underdeveloped, vine herb, with soft hairs, stems cross-section triangular or pentagon, leaves small, deep nicks approximately round, flowers white. It is mainly composed of fruit vines and sun vines. The fruit has a gourd shape with a transverse diameter of 4-5 cm and a length of no more than 10 cm. The tender fruit has hairy hair, the ripe fruit is smooth and hairless, and the outer skin is hard. (2) Long-handled gourd. The root system is developed, it is the fleshy root, and the stem section is easy to produce adventitious roots; the vines are 8-10 meters long, and the vines are many, and the growth potential is extremely strong. The leaves are large and the shallow nicks are approximately circular. Flowers white, solitary, in full bloom in the evening, the results of Ziman and Sunman. The fruit has a slender handle, about 40-50 cm long, and the lower part of the long-handled gourd looks like a sphere with a transverse diameter of 14-20 cm. The skin color is mainly greenish, with white spots between them, and the old ripe fruit is hard. The seeds are brown, about 1.5 cm long, and have a transverse diameter of about 0.7 cm. There are 2 small protrusions on the bottom, and two masks with two white protrusion lines and small grooves. (3) Crane head gourd. The lower part of the crane head hoist is like a sphere with obvious ridgeline on the surface and dark green skin. The rest is similar to the long-handled gourd. 2. Cultivation techniques (1) Seeding and seedlings The ornamental gourd has strong adaptability. The soil and temperature requirements are not high. The suitable temperature for growth is 20 °C ~ 25 °C. In order to extend the viewing period, it is generally cultivated in a protected area. The soil used for sowing should be loose and moisturized. Stir well and put it into the seeding tray. After filling it, smooth it by hand and pour it through the water. Seeding can be carried out by seeding or spreading. Generally, the seeding is more, and the tip of the seed is inserted into the seeding tray one by one. The row spacing is 5 cm, the grain spacing is about 3 to 5 cm, and the soil is covered by 1 to 1.5 cm after sowing. Straw, moisturizing, watering 2 or 3 times to avoid seedlings. The seed germination temperature is 30 ° C ~ 35 ° C, covered with plastic film insulation, moisturizing, is conducive to seed germination. Sowing in July and August, when the temperature is high, it is necessary to cover the shade net and cool down the seedlings. After 3 to 4 days of sowing, the seeds begin to germinate and unearth, and the plastic film is removed in time to remove the seed shell that has not fallen off on the cotyledons. The nursery process should control the watering as much as possible to prevent the seedlings from growing. After 7 to 10 days, the cotyledons are fully opened and can be transplanted into the nutrient bowl. The culture soil of nutrient sputum requires no pathogens, loose and fertile, sifting stones and coarse-grained soil, and putting them into a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 12 cm, placed neatly and watered. The seedlings are gently removed from the seeding tray and transplanted into the nutrient bowl. The planting should not be too deep, so as not to affect the growth of the root system. After planting, water is poured and covered with a sunshade net. At the seedling stage, it is necessary to pay attention to moisturizing, and at the same time, spray the medicine and spray it with 3000~4000 times of the carbendazim to prevent the roots and rotten sputum. Spray 10% imidacloprid 2000 times solution once a week to prevent aphid damage. When the leaves of the seedlings are in contact with each other, the nutrients are moved, the spacing is increased, and the length is avoided. (2) The planting ornamental gourd has wide adaptability to the soil and grows well in slightly acidic soil, but there is no water accumulation. When planting, choose sandy loam or clay loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Deeply turn the soil surface 30 cm before planting, plough up and crush the ground. Because the ornamental gourd has a long growing period and strong fertility, it is necessary to apply the base fertilizer once, generally 2000 kg per mu, 60 kg of superphosphate, 150 kg of grass ash as the base fertilizer. When the seedlings in the nutrient meal grow to 4 to 6 true leaves, they can be colonized, and the colonization is carried out on sunny days from 8 am to 3 pm. Remove the seedlings from the nutrients and avoid soiling the roots. Dig a hole in the face, one plant per hole, the plant spacing is 0.5 to 1.5 meters. After the planting, the root water is poured, the seedling stage is not ventilated, and in the spring cultivation, a small arch shed is needed to raise the temperature, so that the seedlings are rooted early and the seedlings are slowed down. During the day, the shed temperature should be maintained at 25 °C ~ 30 °C, at night 18 °C ~ 20 °C, when the shed temperature exceeds 30 °C at noon on sunny days, open the skirt on both sides of the greenhouse for ventilation. After 3 days, the seedlings have been slowed down and the small arch shed can be removed. During the daytime, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 20 °C ~ 25 °C, and at night 12 °C ~ 15 °C, to promote the development of plant roots. (3) Fertilizer and water management The results of ornamental gourd are large, and the amount of fertilizer required is large. In the early stage, the main application of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and in the flowering result period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied. After planting, it is necessary to apply some fertilizer in time, mainly based on decomposed cake fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer. Before the vine is put on the shelf, a top dressing is carried out. The top dressing is best around the root of the plant, and the hole is applied or directly applied to the topsoil. The amount of fertilizer applied per acre is 20 kg, which lays a nutrient foundation for the squash. When the melon grows to a diameter of 3 or 4 cm, a second top dressing is performed. Dig a hole at 20 cm around the root, apply 30 kg per acre to promote the expansion of the fruit. The growth requirements of the ornamental gourd are different for each growth stage. After planting, the seedling water is poured once to promote the slow seedling. After the seedlings are slowed down, you should control the watering before you sit on the melon. In the agricultural park, in order to facilitate management and save water, drip irrigation is generally used to lay plastic pipes on the side of the plants. The water flows directly from the micropores of the hoses and penetrates into the soil around the rhizosphere of the plants, which not only meets the moisture requirements of the plants, but also does not The ground temperature will be lowered due to watering, and the amount of watering can be easily controlled. The flowering period is generally not watered, which promotes the smooth fruit setting. After the fruit is set, the water should be poured in the fruiting period to ensure the full growth and development of the fruit. The watering of the gourd is generally followed by the principle of “not to dry, not poured, poured and pouredâ€. When the water is insufficient, the gourd grows poorly, but the excessive humidity of the soil is also unfavorable for growth, and root rot is easily generated. 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