Hand-foot-mouth disease prevention and treatment

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enteroviruses. There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses causing HFMD, including Coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16) and enterovirus 71 (EV 71). ) The most common. Occurred in children under the age of 5, showing mouth pain, anorexia, fever, hand, foot, mouth and other parts of the occurrence of small herpes or small ulcers, most children recover from a week or so, a small number of children can cause myocarditis, pulmonary edema, asepsis Meningeal encephalitis and other complications. Severe illness in children develops quickly, leading to death. At present, there is a lack of effective symptomatic treatment for the treatment of drugs.

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Herpetic angina is a special type of upper respiratory tract infection. The incubation period is usually 2-7 days. The disease is also known as "invisible hand, foot and mouth disease," and is easily confused with hand, foot and mouth disease.

Difference 1, herpes location is not the same

Most children with hand-foot-and-mouth disease have herpes in their hands, and later develop into the palms of the hands and feet, and a few will develop into the back of the hands and instep.

Herpes herpeticitis only occurs in the mouth.

Difference 2, rash characteristics are different

Hand-foot-mouth rashes are usually small grain or mung bean-sized, surrounded by red, greyish-white herpes or red papules that are painless, itchy, and scab-free.

The early stage of herpes-infected angina is a pale, small rash, which is blushing, and it becomes a bright herpes later, and it becomes a small ulcer after ulceration. Most of the visible papules, herpes, and ulcers exist at the same time.

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Treatment

1. General treatment

If the disease is without complications, the prognosis is generally good, and it usually recovers within a week. Mainly for symptomatic treatment.

(1) First segregate children, contact should pay attention to disinfection and isolation, to avoid cross-infection.

(2) symptomatic treatment, good oral care.

(3) Clothes and bedding should be clean, clothing should be comfortable, soft, and often replaced.

(4) Cut baby's nails and wrap baby's hands if necessary to prevent scratching the skin rash

(5) If the baby has a rash on the buttocks, it should be cleaned at any time to keep the buttocks clean and dry.

(6) Antiviral drugs and herbal medicines for detoxification and detoxification can be used to supplement vitamin B and C.

2. Combined treatment

(1) Closely monitor the condition changes, especially the important organ functions such as brain, lung, heart, etc.; critically ill patients pay special attention to monitoring blood pressure, blood gas analysis, blood glucose and chest radiograph.

(2) Pay attention to maintaining water, electrolyte, acid-base balance and protection of important organs.

(3) Patients with increased intracranial pressure are given appropriate treatment.

(4) Those with signs of respiratory failure, such as hypoxemia and dyspnea, should undergo mechanical ventilation as soon as possible.

(5) maintain stable blood pressure.

Other severe treatment: If DIC, pulmonary edema, heart failure, etc., should be given corresponding treatment.

3. Antiviral drugs

Antiviral drugs are generally best when they are used 24 to 48 hours before onset. And often when we are diagnosed with hand-foot-mouth disease, we have already passed the most effective treatment stage, and now we do not advocate using antiviral drugs.

Prevention of hand-foot-mouth disease

1. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before going to bed after meals and after going out. Do not let children drink raw water, eat cold food, and avoid contact with sick children.

2. The caregiver must wash hands before handling children, change diapers for young children, handle feces, and properly handle dirt.

3. Bottles and teats used by infants should be thoroughly cleaned before and after use.

4. During the epidemic of this disease, it is not appropriate to bring children to public places where the crowd gathers and the air circulation is poor. Pay attention to keeping the family environment sanitation. The living room should be ventilated frequently, and clothes should be frequently used.

5. When children have symptoms, they should go to a medical institution promptly. Children should not contact other children. Parents should promptly dry or disinfect children's clothing, and disinfect the child's excrement in a timely manner. Mildly ill children do not need to be hospitalized. They should treat and rest at home to reduce cross-contamination.

6. Daily cleaning and disinfection of toys, personal hygiene appliances, tableware and other items.

7. The nursery school conducts morning check every day, and when it finds suspicious children, it will take timely measures for hospitalization and rest at home. Disinfect the items used by the children immediately.

8. When the number of children increases, report to the health and education departments in a timely manner. According to the need of epidemic control, the local education and health departments may decide to take childcare institutions or elementary school leave measures.

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