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1 Harmful Characteristics of Damage Soybean pods are larvae that attack the buds and pods of hairy soybeans, and can also cause damage in the stems of soybean plants. Turning color into a flooded period, the pods in the affected pods appear wormholes, and the worms in the larvae accumulate, seriously affecting the value of foods and commodities. This worm causes damage to soybeans and other diseases, resulting in “decause of ten pods and nine locustsâ€, and the rate of worms and slugs is as high as 60% to 90%. The slander rate also reached 15% to 20%.
Soybean pods belong to the Lepidoptera scorpion family and occur five generations in Jingning County, southwest of Zhejiang Province in eastern China. In addition to the first generation being relatively neat, there will be overlapping of generations in different generations. Soybeans in the early spring, midsummer, and late autumn period will be the peak of the damage; generally 6 to 10 months will be the larval period, especially from June to July. The second generation of larvae was the most seriously affected; in the late autumn, the soybeans became the fourth generation in September, followed by the fourth generation.
2. Habits of life Soybean pods are borne in winter at the depth of 1 to 5 cm below the host plant or around the surface of the field around the host plant. In late May of the following year, wintering larvae and pupa fall into adulthood, and they become adults at the end of May and early June. Adults grow into eclosion at night, their phototaxis is not strong, and their flying ability is weak. On the evening of the adult eclosion, they begin to search for the couple, copulate, and lay eggs every other day. Each female lays an average of about 80 eggs, secretes mucus during spawning, inserts the eggs obliquely between the bristles, likes to produce eggs in hairy soybean varieties, and most of them are scattered on the pods, and the pods in the upper and middle bulges The most eggs are laid, and the number of eggs per locust is between 1 and 3, and up to 12 can be obtained. In the case of soybeans without pods, eggs can also be produced on the young leaf petioles, buds, tender shoots, and young leaves. Eggs hatch in the daytime. The newly hatched larvae first crawl on the surface to find appropriate intrusions, and then At the point of entry, the silkworms were spun silk for a small white sac about 1mm long, and they were hidden inside the sac. They only extended their heads and gradually bitten into the maggots. Over 3 instar larvae can be transferred to harm, larvae can also break into the bean plant stem damage, generally 1 larvae can be transferred to harm 1 to 3 times, eat 3 to 5 grains of harmful beans. The larvae of each generation were endangered in mid-June, mid-July, mid-August, mid-August, mid-September, early October and late May. After being matured, they crawled out of the hole in the jaw and fell to the ground. They sneaked about 3cm below the soil near the plant.
The wide range of temperature adaptation, 7 ~ 35 °C can grow and develop, the optimum ambient temperature is 26 ~ 30 °C, relative humidity 70% ~ 80%. It has been observed that the 1 to 5 generations of the entire generation span 29 to 35 days, including an egg period of 3 to 4 days, a larval duration of 10 to 11 days, a duration of 9 to 10 days, and an adult duration of 7 to 10 days.
3 Heavier reasons have occurred in recent years
3.1 Suitable climatic conditions Due to the global climate warming, especially in recent years, the "El Niño" phenomenon brought about by the warm winter, early spring is not cold, summer is not hot, late autumn is not cool special climate, is very conducive to the growth of soybean pods Over winter, the mortality of overwintering larvae was low and the residue base was high, resulting in the highest number of overwintering adults and long eclosion periods. In addition to the occurrence of the first generation, the later generations had overlapping generations of varying degrees, which made it more difficult to prevent and control work.
3.2 Soybean Varieties and Growth Stages Soybean varieties have different degrees of damage. Generally, the species with less hairy hair on the soybean meal has less damage to the species. In the pre-expansion period, the mass of the plot that coincides with the procreative period of pods is heavy.
3.3 Sufficient foodstuffs The main hosts of soybean pods are legumes such as soybeans, kidney beans, lentils, peas, mung beans, ramie, and cowpea. The planting area is expanded, early, middle, and late-maturing varieties are mixed and planted at different altitudes. The difference in the flood season is large, and the food is abundant, which is favorable for its occurrence. In the same plot, the plants did not grow neatly, and the shade and humidity were heavy.
3.4 Natural enemies reduce the natural enemies of soybean pods, such as velvet beetles, puffer beetles and birds. Parasitoids have a parasitism rate of more than 50% on soy bean larvae and cockroaches. Irrational drug use often causes excessive killing of natural enemies and promotes the occurrence of soy bean meal.
4 Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology
4.1 Agricultural control In areas with serious damage to soybean meal and reasonable layout of cornices, mixed crops of legume crops should be avoided, and continuous cropping or adjacency with legume green manure should be used. Soybean and rice rotation or intercropping with corn is preferred.
4.2 Select insect-resistant varieties for planting early-maturing and high-yield varieties with short scarring period and no gill or less hairy pods to reduce hazards.
4.3 Entrapment of adult insects In places where soybeans, kidney beans, lentils and other legumes are relatively large, black-light and frequency-vibration insecticide lamps are set up from May to October to trap and kill adult insects.
4.4 Chemical control 1 Do a good job of insect forecasting and control, select the appropriate type of field in the appropriate period for prevention and control, and regularly sample and measure the growth and movement of soybean pods, and master the initial stage of soybean pods hatching When the pods turned yellowish green, spraying was started at the latest at the peak of the 2nd instar larvae. Can also be mastered in the main damage era of eel emergence rate of 40% to 80% when spraying.
2 The control agent can be used 5% fipronil 1000 times or 20% dextrofurfural 1500 times or 0.36% matrine 1000 times or 2.5% dish hi 1000 times or 48% rasmus 1500 times, different Pesticides should be alternately used for rotation, and the pesticide safety interval should be strictly controlled. When spraying, it must be evenly sprayed on the buds, calyces, leaves, leaves, and stems of the plants. The amount of spray is wet with drops.
Occurrence regularity and comprehensive control technology of soybean pods
Soybean meal (Etiella zinkkenella Treitschke), also known as soybean meal, bean mealworm, bean aphid, red beetle, red beetle, etc., is the main insect pest of soybean in Jingning County in southwestern Zhejiang Province in the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. In addition to harming soybeans, it also harms kidney beans, lentils, peas, mung beans and other legumes. Soybean pods are eaten by larvae and eaten into soybean pods. Damaged bean pods form wormholes, flaps, and even most of the beans are eaten. This not only reduces production but also reduces soybean quality. From the beginning of 2002, the author conducted a comprehensive and meticulous investigation and study of the characteristics of the occurrence of this insect and comprehensive prevention and control techniques for harmlessness, and achieved a more satisfactory result.