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1, time and place
1.1 Test time The experiment was carried out from April to August 2003, from April to August 2004, for two consecutive years, once a year, that is, two consecutive growth cycles of potato cultivation.
1.2 Test Sites The test was conducted at the Agro-Research Laboratory of the Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Changling County, Jilin Province for two consecutive years. The soil fertility of the test site was relatively high. The pH of the soil was 7.20, which was basically neutral and suitable for potato growth. It develops and there is sprinkler facility in the field.
2. Purpose and effectiveness
2.1 Purpose of the experiment The purpose of this experiment is mainly to explore the effect of potato sowing on the comprehensive traits of potato plants, especially the influence of cultivation of small whole potatoes on potato yield, and to extend the experimental results to potato field production to achieve a large potato area. The purpose of high yield.
2.2 The test results using small sweet potato sowing, basically reached the expected effect of the test. The test results showed that the sowing of small whole potatoes could increase potato production by 15.57 to 39.80%. Moreover, the comprehensive traits of potato plants were better.
3, materials and methods
3.1 Test material The potato used for the test was the Atlantic Ocean. This species was developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. It was introduced into China from the International Potato Research Center and was detoxified by the Yunnan Institute of Biological Engineering. The variety was in the period of growth in our county. For 115 days, it can mature normally and has high yield. The test material was a small whole potato of about 25 grams of this variety, and the top bud block, middle tooth block, and base bud block of the variety seed potato.
The fertilizer used in the experiment was a high-quality farmyard fertilizer with Changshan brand Sanyuan compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate containing N, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide each 15%.
3.2 Test methods In order to investigate the influence of sowing of small sweet potatoes and sowing of buds on the yield of potatoes, four tests were conducted in this experiment. Treatment A is the sowing of whole sweet potato, treatment B is the sowing of the top bud, treatment C is the sowing of the middle bud, and treatment D (CK) is the sowing of the bottom bud. 3 repetitions, a total of 12 plots, and the plots are randomly arranged. Each plot has an area of ​​35 square meters (5 ridges and 10 meters long ridges). Each district applies three yuan compound fertilizer 1.75kg (corresponds to 33.34kg fertilization per 667 square meters), applies quality farmyard manure 0.158 cubic meters (equivalent to 45 cubic meters per 667 square meters fertilization). The experiment was planted on April 20 and the sowing density was 70cm20cm. The yield factor and yield were recorded after harvest, and the results of the experiment were analyzed and conclusions were drawn.
4, results and analysis
4.1 Effect of small sweet potato sowing on potato emergence The potato seed potato contains extremely rich nutrients and water, so the potato has already formed a considerable number of roots and most of the germinating leaves (buds) before emergence, and 4 to 5 after emergence. Days, there are 3 to 4 leaves spread out. The young roots that have been formed continuously absorb water and minerals from the soil for new roots and shoots to grow. However, seed potatoes supply carbohydrates and other nutrients is the main, and the nutritional supply of seed potatoes can last up to 30 days after emergence. Whether this kind of potato is a complete or agglomerate bud has a great influence on rooting and emergence. The data in Table 1 were obtained 10 days after sowing. It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that with the use of small whole-plants, the number of roots per plant is more (average 10.5 per plant), and the root length per plant (average maximum root length). At 8.2 cm), the buds were long and robust (average shoot length 2.2 cm). This shows that small whole potatoes have the characteristics of young potatoes, strong vitality, strong water retention and cold resistance, so after sowing, roots and shoots grow faster and have more roots and sprouts. The other three kinds of buds were sown. The top buds were sown with roots and buds stronger than the middle buds and the base buds. However, the shoots of the base buds were poor (low roots and weak shoots), which was mainly due to the apical dominance of potato tuber buds. As a result, the position of the bud on the tuber has a great influence on the emergence of the potato.
4.2 The effect of small sweet potato seeding on the quality of potato seedlings Potatoes are centered on the growth of stems and leaves and the development of roots at the seedling stage, accompanied by the formation and elongation of stolons and flower bud differentiation. Therefore, the quality of seedlings is determined by the growth of photosynthetic plants. The basis of the size, root absorption, and tuber formation is also a critical period for determining potato yield. The use of small sweet potato sowing is to promote the rapid growth of stems and leaves above the ground, so that it can reach the maximum photosynthetic area as soon as possible, and promote the formation of more barn stems and the development of roots to the deep and wide. At the same time, the use of small sweet potato sowing, seedling stems and leaves are not long, hair roots, strong trees and stems and leaves robust growth. The data in Table 2 was obtained after a 12-day investigation after emergence. From the data in Table 2, it can be seen that the seedling height, leaf age, fresh weight of shoots, and dry weight of shoots of potato seedlings were all greater than those of other potato seedlings. Seedlings produced by sowing of three kinds of buds are mainly due to the fact that small whole potatoes are young potatoes, which have great potential, strong vitality, and strong resistance. The seed potatoes are water- and cold-resistant, and the utilization of nutrients is high, and it is easy to form strong seedlings. The quality of the seedlings produced from the sowing of the top bud, the sowing of the middle bud and the sowing of the bottom buds in turn showed a decreasing trend. This was mainly caused by the apical dominance of potato tuber buds, and the position of the buds on the tubers directly affected its production. Seedlings are robust.
4.3 Effect of small sweet potato sowing on potato yield The potato yield in the potato is constructed by the yield factor. The yield factor (number of seedlings per square meter, number of potatoes/plant, single potato weight) is coordinated with each other, and the yield of the community can be high. Small sweet potato seeding facilitates the coordination of production factors and maximizes the value of production factors. The data in Table 3 was obtained after the harvest test. The data in Table 3 shows that the small whole sweet potato has the highest yield factor and the highest yield in the plot. This is mainly because the small whole potato has a protective layer on the epidermis, which is strong in stress resistance and free from milk. It has a long period, and the small whole potatoes have a strong vitality. After planting, they tend to form robust plants. Photosynthesis is strong, and photosynthetic products accumulate much, so they are highly productive. From Treatment B to Treatment D, that is, from sowing of top buds to sowing of stem buds, potato yield factors and yields showed a decreasing trend. This was mainly due to the apical dominance of shoots on potato tubers, where shoots were located on tubers. The location directly affects the potato production factor and yield.
4.4 Comparison of yields in the test plots Since the yields of the various treatments did not affect each other and were implicated in the plots, they were all actually produced and had no extrapolated output. Therefore, the LSD method was used to compare the output. As can be seen from Table 4, the difference between the average yield of treatment A (196.8 kg) and the average yield of treatment B (170.3 kg) (26.5 kg) is greater than the value of 5% LSD (23.01 kg), and less than 1% LSD. Value (34.21 kg), so the average yield of treatment A was significantly different from the average yield of treatment B, but there was no significant difference; the average yield of treatment A was extremely different from the average yield of treatment C and D (ck) (196.8- 154.6>34.21; 196.8～140.7>34.21); the average yield of treatment B was significantly different from the average yield of treatment D (ck) (170.3～140.7>23.01); there was no significant difference and significant difference between the average yield of other treatments. .
5. Conclusions From processing A to treatment D, the potato production showed a declining trend, and with the use of small whole-planted potatoes, the potato production was significantly higher than that of the cuttings, and the yield increase ranged from 15.57 to 39.80%. Therefore, it is recommended that vegetable producers actively test and demonstrate in order to apply the small whole planting technique widely in production.
Author: Jilin Changling County Agricultural Technology Extension Center Jilin Province Changling County Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Unit 