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I. Pollution of swine urine on large-scale pig farms Environmental pollution Traditional pig raising is based on decentralized rearing and household-based rearing. There are few rearings, and the number of rearing is usually a few. Less, it is entirely possible to return land for use as a fertilizer. Basically, there is no problem of environmental pollution. Large-scale pig farms are large in scale and have a high degree of intensification. Although they are conducive to raising pig raising techniques, epidemic prevention ability and management level, the production cost is low, and the economic benefits are high, this closed centralized breeding method causes pig manure. Over-concentration of urine and a large increase in flushing water. In order to facilitate transportation, large-scale pig farms are mostly built on the outskirts of the city. There are not enough farmland around to absorb a large amount of manure; or because human factors are not used, manure is arbitrarily stacked and discharged, and harmful gases and large amounts of dust are produced. Microorganisms are released into the atmosphere and spread over pig farms and nearby residential areas to stimulate human and animal respiratory tracts, cause respiratory diseases, and affect human and animal health. In addition, excrement contains a large amount of carbohydrates, nitrogen compounds and other spoilage organic matter, into the natural water body, can make the water turbid, water color yellow, black, water quality deterioration, can not feed. The large amount of pig manure effluent and the contaminated water body, feed and air will eventually lead to the spread and development of pig disease and parasite eggs, which will directly affect the pig production level, which will seriously threaten the development of the pig industry in serious cases. factor.
Therefore, in order to protect the environment and contribute to the ecological balance, we must change the direction of this “self-enclosed†in the scaled aquaculture industry. Starting from the principles of building an ecological agriculture and animal husbandry and protecting the ecological environment, the bio-engineering technology is applied to pig manure. Comprehensive treatment and utilization are carried out to rationally combine the aquaculture industry with the planting industry, and both husbandry and husbandry should be carried out to form a benign circulation pattern of the material and promote the full development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
Second, the comprehensive utilization of pig manure urine technology At present, domestic and foreign pigs and urine comprehensive utilization of engineering technology, there are two main categories: the material recycling ecological engineering and health and energy-based integrated system.
(a) Material recycling ecological engineering This engineering technology is an ecological engineering system designed according to the circulation law of energy flow and material flow within the ecosystem. The principle is that the output of a certain production process (such as excreta and waste water) can be used as input for another production process (such as flushing of housing), so that the substances in the system can be fully recycled in the production process, thereby increasing the The utilization of resources to prevent pollution of the environment, such as waste pollution.
Commonly-used material recycling ecosystems include the crop-aquaculture-biogas project three-combination, the aquaculture-fishery-planting industry, and the aquaculture-fishery-forestry ecosystem project. Among them, the material recycling-type ecological engineering application of planting-aquaculture-biogas project is the most common and has the best effect. Take this as an example for a brief explanation.
The basic content of the material recycling-type ecological project of the planting-aquaculture-biogas project triple-combination: The fecal sewage discharged from the scaled pig farm enters the biogas digester, and produces anaerobic fermentation to generate biogas for civil use, lighting and heating (such as greenhouse Greenhouses, etc.) and even power generation. Biogas slurry is not only used as a high-quality bait for feeding chickens, pigs, fish, shrimp etc. It can also be used for soaking, dipping roots, watering flowers, and fertilizing crops, fruit and vegetable foliage, and roots; biogas residue can be used as The cultivation of edible fungi and oysters can solve the problem of shortage of protein feed for livestock and poultry. The remaining waste residue can also be returned to the field to increase fertility, improve soil, and prevent land consolidation. This system is actually an ecological system centered on pig farming, biogas engineering as a link, and collection, breeding, fish, deputy and processing industries. It has a different business model from traditional aquaculture. In this system, pigs are scientifically reared, materials and energy are fully utilized, and the environment is well protected. Therefore, the production cost is low, the product quality is excellent, the resource utilization rate is high, and the effect of simultaneous increase in economic and ecological benefits is received. .
The health and energy type integrated system operates by anaerobic fermentation of pig manure to form three components: gas, liquid and solid. Gas separation equipment is used to separate the methane and carbon dioxide in the biogas. The separated methane can be As fuel lighting, biogas power generation can also be carried out to obtain renewable energy; carbon dioxide can be used to cultivate economic algae such as spirulina. The upper liquid in the biogas digester can be used as a mineral nutrient component for cultivating algae after being disinfected by a series of biogas energy heating tubes. The mud in the lower layer of the biogas digester is mixed with other fertilizers to improve the soil as an organic fertilizer. The electricity generated by the biogas power generation can be used for lighting, and it can also drive the stirring equipment of the algae cultivation tank, and can also charge the battery. Filtered spirulina and other algal organisms contain rich and complete nutritive elements, that is, they can be directly added to the fish pond to feed fish and mixed in pig feed to feed pigs, or they can be used as cheap protein and vitamin sources after drying and sterilization. For people to eat, to supplement the body needs essential amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients. Other important aspects of the system include a complete water purification system and tree planting measures. The implementation and application of this system can effectively improve the health and ecological environment around the pig farm and improve people's health and nutrition levels. At the same time, the pig farm can also obtain economic income from compost, biogas fuel, biogas power generation, fish and shrimp and spirulina. The system's operation is very flexible and can be adjusted with the specific conditions of different regions and different farms.
3. Conclusion With the rapid development of large-scale pig raising, the pollution and impact of sewage from pig manure and urine on the environment has become a common problem faced by all countries in the world. It is imperative to prevent the pollution of sewage from pig manure and urine and balance the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to increase research efforts on sewage treatment and development and utilization of pig manure. Large-scale pig-raising enterprises have strong economic strength and can purchase equipment and facilities for waste processing and processing. They can plan and transform pig farms in accordance with the recycling of this type of ecological agriculture, and comprehensively treat pig manure wastewater. With the development and utilization, to reduce pollution, protect the ecological environment, improve economic, social and ecological benefits, provide a good living and living environment for humans and animals, in order to ensure the sustainable and stable development of pig production.
Comprehensive utilization technology of swine manure in large-scale pig farms
Large-scale swine production is based on advanced production equipment, scientific feed formulas and breeding techniques. Pigments are mostly made of cracked floors, rinsed with water, and excreted urine. Large amounts of waste urine are discharged daily. If these waste urine waste waters are not actively developed and utilized, they will cause environmental pollution, damage the ecological balance, and will inevitably bring about the economic losses of enterprises.