The plant material is placed in a suitable solvent, and the solvent is infiltrated, and then ultrasonic vibration of a certain intensity and frequency is added to rapidly enter the plant tissue cells, so that the extracted components in the cells are dissolved in the solvent as soon as possible. The dissolved leachate is filtered out, and the required components are separated one by one through the separation process. The whole process is the ultrasonic extraction process. Jining Hengshuo Ultrasonic Machinery Co., Ltd. has been rooted in ultrasonic extraction for several years. It has achieved remarkable achievements in the ultrasonic extraction industry. It has already possessed its own set of mature technology in ultrasonic extraction, and hopes to share it with customers and friends!
Ultrasonic extraction principle: In the ultrasonic extraction process, the effects of cavitation and pulverization of ultrasonic waves play different roles in different stages of extraction, so that the ultrasound has:
1. Strengthen penetration and shorten extraction time
The traditional soaking extraction method infiltrates and infiltrates, so that the solvent enters the cell tissue from the capillary and the cell gap, and dissolves, so that the chemical components inside the substance enter the solvent, causing the concentration difference inside and outside the cell to promote the composition from the high concentration solution to the low concentration. The agent spreads. When the plant material is subjected to ultrasonication in a solvent, the cavitation effect caused by the ultrasonic wave causes the solvent to collide with the cavitation bubble instantaneously generated by the ultrasonic wave, and quickly penetrates into the internal cells of the substance to accelerate the solvent and the medicinal material. The active ingredients penetrate and dissolve each other, so that the chemical components dissolve rapidly into the solvent under the action of ultrasound. Ultrasonic extraction accelerates the solvent into the cells and rapidly transfers the chemical components in the cells into the solvent, causing a difference in concentration inside and outside the cell, which promotes the diffusion of chemical components from the high concentration solution to the low concentration solution, greatly accelerating the extraction process. By separating, the purpose of extracting the palm component is achieved.
As in the previous chapter, alkaloids were extracted from belladonna, ultrasonically extracted 20miri, and the yield was the same as that of conventional immersion for 8h; all alkaloids were extracted from the roots of Rauvolfia, only 15s with ultrasonic extraction, and 8h for impregnation All the cinchona alkaloids are proposed from the bark of Cinchona. The conventional method is more than 5h, and the ultrasound can be completed in only 30s. The extraction of berberine from Coptis is 30min higher than that of alkaline soaking for 24h. The total alkaloids of Motherwort were extracted from Motherwort, and the ultrasonic extraction was 40 min higher than that of reflux for 2 h. Because ultrasound can shorten the extraction time, it is generally used in the drug testing department to measure the content of traditional Chinese medicine quantitative analysis to speed up the analysis. For example, the extraction of lilac scorpion from Acanthopanax senticosus was the same as that obtained by ultrasonic extraction for 80 min and reflux extraction for 16 h. When extracting ecdysone from Platycladus orientalis, the effect of ultrasonic extraction for 30 min and heat reflux for 8 h was the same; extraction from ginseng root When ginsenosides were extracted by ultrasonication for 10 min, the amount of ginsenosides obtained by hot extraction for 6 h was obtained. When the content of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens L. was determined by HPLC, the extraction rate was the same as that obtained by soaking for 30 min with soaking for 24 h.
Due to the superiority of ultrasonic extraction, ultrasound is used as an extraction method to rapidly prepare samples as a test material. For example, when qualitative and quantitative analysis of Yinchenhaotang by HPLC is used to determine 6.7-dimethoxycoumarin, the sample is prepared by ultrasonic vibration for 40 min as the extraction time, which is simpler than the hot water method and convenient to use; When the content of arbutin in the leaves is 20 hours as the extraction time, it is also specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: in the identification of ginseng, celestial and other medicinal materials, for the test solution, ultrasonic treatment 40rnin or cold soak for 24h. It can be seen that since ultrasonic extraction accelerates the mutual penetration of the active ingredients in the solvent and the medicinal material and shortens the extraction time, it is widely used in the preparation of samples for evaluating the quality of the medicinal materials and determining the quantitative analysis of the active ingredients in the medicinal materials.
2. Break the cell wall and increase the rate
The extraction of chemical components from plant matter, ultrasonic extraction not only accelerates the mutual penetration of solvent and matter, but also through electron micrograph observation, it is found that ultrasonic extraction is carried out by the cavitation process generated by ultrasonic vibration, accompanied by The energy generated by the energy released by the cavitation bubble collapses, causing the cell wall in the material to rupture, allowing the solvent to directly enter the interior of the cell, allowing the subsequent contents (components) in the cell to be directly transferred to the solvent under the action of ultrasound. Among them. The various chemical components in the intracellular protoplasts are replaced by a solvent, so that ultrasonic extraction can completely extract the components contained in the substance cells in a short period of time. Compared with the traditional extraction method, the proposed chemical composition of the substance is increased.
The extraction rate of berberine from Chuanhuangbai was 28.32% and 18.28% higher than that obtained by ultrasonic extraction and soaking for 24 hours. The alkaloids were extracted from the roots, and the extraction was performed for 30 min. The amount of alkali obtained was still more; the extraction of Datura alkaloids from mandala was carried out by ultrasonic extraction for 30 min, and the alkali content of the samples extracted by conventional extraction for 3 h was 9% higher; the extract of Dioscorea opposita L. from the rhizome of P. sylvestris was extracted by ultrasonic extraction for 30 min. Soaking extract was 1.2 times of 48h; extracting rutin from glutinous rice, the yield of ultrasonic extraction for 30min was 63.85% higher than that of immersion extraction for 48h, and the yield of hot alkali extraction was 47.56% higher; The extraction rate obtained by ultrasonic extraction for 80 min is 1.3 times that obtained by boiling for 3 hours;
Extraction has found a shortcut for the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. It is a new method with rapid and high yield. In a short period of time, ultrasonic technology will play its due role in traditional Chinese medicine preparations, showing its beautiful prospects and Significant effect.
It can be seen from the above that the ultrasonic vibration increases the permeability of the solvent into the plant cells, strengthens the mass transfer process; and the strong shear force on the cells formed by the intense movement of the ultrasonic cavitation bubbles, especially the local shock wave and the high-speed jet when the bubble collapses. Direct action can rupture plant cells and make cells easily release inclusions. It accelerates the conversion speed of the components in the various stages of the traditional extraction method, so the ultrasonic extraction shortens the dare time and completely extracts the components contained in the plant material. Recently, there have been many reports of ultrasound-enhanced cell membrane permeability in foreign countries, which also verified the rationality of the above observations. Of course, the observation of the specific process of the wall-breaking effect of ultrasonic cavitation needs further research and confirmation; and the effects of ultrasonic instantaneous luminescence, discharge, high temperature on the extraction of chemical components in plants, and the role of plant cells need to be solved in the future. In-depth research and discussion in the experiments.