HEBEI PINGLE FLOUR MACHINERY GROUP CO., LTD , https://www.plrollermill.com
Ecological pigs have advantages
The biggest advantage of zero-emission, non-polluting ecological pigs is zero excrement and no pollution. For example, a farm with an investment of 5 million yuan will need to invest an additional 2 million to 3.5 million yuan in the treatment of sewage, and a large-scale pig farm with 600 sows and 10,000 pigs for slaughter in a single year. For l00-150 tons, the annual discharge of sewage is 36,500-54,800 tons, causing great pollution to the surrounding environment. There have been many incidents of closure and relocation of large-scale pig farms caused by environmental pollution in China. The ecological pigs depend entirely on the fermentation and decomposition of the pig manure and litter by the bacteria, completely decompose the excreta, and do not need to be washed, thus solving the problems of wasting water resources and polluting the environment in the past.
The heat of bacterial fermentation solves the problem of heating. Pig farms using ecological pigs can keep the fermentation bed at 10 to 20°C when the ambient temperature reaches -20°C.
Between l5°C, for medium-sized pigs, this temperature can be completely safe for the winter and does not require any energy consumption. Such a fermentation bed is equivalent to providing pigs with “electric mattressesâ€.
Inhibit the propagation of pathogens, ensure that the mixture of healthy pig litter and pig manure and urine under the action of microorganisms, rapid decomposition of heat generated by the fermentation can reach 40 ~ 50 °C or higher, which greatly inhibited the proliferation of pathogens, is conducive to kill the parasitic Insects, pathogens and harmful microorganisms ensure the health of the pigs. For example, the PRRS virus can be killed at 56°C for 20 minutes. Pseudorabies virus will lose activity at 1 to 7 days at 4 to 37°C, and the swine fever virus at 60°C for 2 hours. Loss of activity. The litter after the fermentation of the maximum temperature up to 65 ~ 70 °C.
It can save the fermentation of feed manure through the use of microorganisms, in which nutrients are converted into bacterial proteins eaten by pigs, which can save feed.
In summary, ecological pig farming can be summarized as zero, one, two, three or four points. "Zero emission" means that all the feces are degraded. "One income increase" increases the income of pig raising. The "second increase" has increased the utilization of a large amount of corn stalks and also improved the quality of the pork. The "three reductions" reduce environmental pollution, the occurrence of diseases, and the consumption of drugs. "Four savings" means water saving, energy saving (coal, electricity, gas), provincial labor force, and material saving.
Fermentation bed is the key
The selection of fermentation mattress materials is critical. The choice of litter for the fermentation bed must have two features: First, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (which is the ratio of carbon and nitrogen) should be as large as possible. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of corn stover was 53.1:1, straw was 58.7:1, and corn cob was 88.1:1. Sawdust is as high as 400:1. The second is physical characteristics, ie better water absorption and air permeability. The water absorption of corn stalk, wheat straw and rice straw was 230% to 320%, while that of wood shavings and sawdust was 420%. It can be seen that sawdust and shavings are the best materials for fermentation mattresses.
The thickness of the fermented mattress material varies greatly in the thickness of the fermented mattress material. Generally, the pig house is 40-150 cm, the nursery house is 40-60 cm, and the large and medium-sized pig houses are 80-90 cm, but we explored from the production practice. It was found that the thickness of the bedding material is 70 cm, which is too thick and wastes material, and it is laborious to fill and clear the ring in the future.
About Preventing Diseases and Curing Ecological Pig Breeding The treatment and prevention of pig diseases and the traditional pig-raising methods are similar and require regular immunizations. The difference is that the pigs bred using the ecological pig-raising method need to be treated in isolation because the disinfection machine and antibiotics are unfavorable to the microorganisms in the fermentation bed, and absolutely no disinfection drugs can be sprayed on the fermentation bed.
Build a housing to consider venting exhaust According to our preliminary observation, the fermentation bed will continue to evaporate during the fermentation decomposition process, especially in the winter, the wet environment is very unfavorable to the pigs, so the building is under construction Ventilation and exhaust must be taken into account when considering the problem. Hot summer ventilation is more important.
For the free-breeding nursery pigs, fattening pigs, and pigs with no feeds in the previous period, the use of a fermentation bed is the best.
Because nursery pigs, finishing pigs and reserve pigs eat enough material and drink enough water, they will rest quietly except for free activities. However, it is not ideal for pregnant pigs and boars. Due to hunger and lack of appetite, they will constantly excavate the bed, causing massive accumulation and subsidence. For lactating sows, the litter beneath the bed is not easy to turn, the fermentation effect is poor, and the temperature is very low. If it is in winter, the temperature inside the house will be greatly reduced. Therefore, whether ecological pigs can be used for sows and boars is highly controversial in the industry. At present, we are studying the use of a combination of cement ground and a fermentation bed to organically combine the two to complement each other. Now that we have put up the bed, the excrement on the bed is directly under the bed and can be flipped at any time. It works well.
Cost is a big problem
Over time, we have found that while there are many benefits to ecologically raising pigs, their problems are still outstanding. From the current point of view, the biggest problem is the source of litter. According to preliminary calculations, a pig needs 1 cubic meter of litter. At present, litter continues to increase in price, and the litter that can replace sawdust has not yet been researched, and the supply is very tight. If the litter cannot be replenished in time, the fermented bed urine will not only not decompose and dissipate heat, but will cause pollution, and it will cause serious death. Beds, molds, and germs breed, becoming a source of pollution, making pigs diarrhea and causing pig skin diseases.
Due to the tight supply of litter, rising prices, and transportation costs, I have only spent 110,000 yuan to fill a field. Such expenditures are unbearable to small and medium-sized farmers, and it is also a huge expense to pay for the cost, manpower, and material resources for refilling the bed.
Therefore, the author believes that the small number of small-scale farmers is not easy to promote ecological pig farming, or advocate the policy of simultaneous pig and grain, and more pigs and more fertilizer, which is a good way to recycle resources.
In short, ecological pig raising is a new breeding method, and it is too early to say that it is a big revolution in the pig industry. The author thinks this is a systematic project. If we want to do a good job in this work, we must achieve multi-sectoral coordination. The government and the competent authorities shall participate in the coordination and support to form an industrial chain through construction and construction, raw material supply, processing, introduction of breeding boars, breeding, feed scientific preparation, epidemic prevention and health care, and product processing and sales.
Ecological pigs look sideways
The author is currently working on a large-scale swine farm in a northern province where pig farming is conducted in an ecological manner. There is some understanding of the basic situation and advantages and disadvantages of ecological pig rearing. The following is a discussion of how to conduct ecological pig rearing.