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1. The amount and proportion of banana fertilizer
The banana grows fast, the plants are tall, the yield is high, and the amount of fertilizer is large. The growth of bananas requires the absorption of large quantities of NPK, and bananas are also hi potassium crops. According to the data of Guangdong, the average N, P and K nutrient absorption during the whole banana growth period is nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: potassium oxide = 1: 0.2: 3.75. The potassium requirement of bananas is 4 times that of nitrogen and 19 times that of phosphorus. Therefore, it is critical and necessary for bananas to use enough potassium. The application of potash fertilizer can promote the growth of the diameter and spur diameter of the banana plant, promote the development of the ear, increase the pericarp, enhance the tolerance to pods, drought, cold, wind and pests, shorten and thicken the ear, and the fruit is more resistant to storage and transportation. Extend shelf life and increase fruit yield and quality. According to our test results in Pinghe County, Zhangcheng District, Zhangzhou, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 45 kg/mu for nitrogenous phosphorus and phosphate. For 4-8 kg/mu, the amount of potassium oxide is suitable for 60-80 kg/mu, and the suitable ratio of three elements is 1:0.1:1.5. It is equivalent to 100 kg of urea per mu, 30-60 kg of superphosphate and 100-130 kg of potassium chloride.
In the banana growing process, the required calcium is only inferior to potassium and nitrogen. The calcium deficiency of bananas is inferior. When the yellow ripe, the peel is easily cracked. Lime can be used as a calcium fertilizer. On one hand, lime can supply calcium nutrition to bananas. On the other hand, it can reduce soil acidity, improve soil structure and accelerate banana growth. About 50 kg of lime can be used per hectare.
In soils with low organic matter content and strong sand quality, due to the low content of available magnesium and available sulfur, tests have shown that the application of 5 kg of magnesium carbonate and 4 kg of sulfur per hectare can yield about 10%. Magnesium fertilizer can also use 7 kg of magnesium sulfate instead of magnesium carbonate. If superphosphate is used as phosphate fertilizer, it is not necessary to use sulphur fertilizer. Otherwise, 4 kilograms of sulphur should be applied per mu to meet the needs of bananas for sulfur.
2. Fertilization period
The principle of fertilizing bananas is to make use of thin facilities and pay attention to important birth periods. The fertilization is about 15 times a year, including 5 replants and about 10 applications. In the early stage of banana growth, thin and thin fertilization materials were used; about 45 days before and after the initiation of flower bud differentiation, heavy fertilization materials were applied; buds were lightly applied to fruit ripening stages.
The specific fertilizer distribution is: the amount of fertilizer applied in the early period of vegetative growth of bananas is about 20% of the total amount of fertilizer; 30% of the middle and late stages of vegetative growth, and 30% of the flower bud differentiation period. In short, the total amount of fertilizer before budding accounts for about 80%. The total amount of fertilization during budding period accounts for 10%~15%, and the young fruit period accounts for 10%~15%.
3. Fertilization method
Banana fertilization can be divided into spreading, ditching and acupoint application.
Applicator: It is generally performed after the rain in May-September when the soil is wet. If the sunny day is spread, it is necessary to infuse the horse water first, and then pour the water on the surface.
Gully application: spring fertilizer, autumn fertilizer and over-cold fertilizer by furrow application. About 30cm away from the banana plant, open a short ditch, width 15-25cm, length 40cm, depth 8-15cm, apply the fertilizer evenly in the ditch, then cover the soil.
Acupoint application: Spring fertilizer and over-cold (winter) fertilizer can also be applied. Three to five digging holes 30 to 100 cm away from the banana plant, 15 to 20 cm deep, and putting the fertilizer into the hole and covering it with soil. In case of dry days, water must be thoroughly wetted so that the fertilizer can be dissolved and dissolved, and then the soil can be covered.
Balanced Fertilization Technology of High Quality and High Yield of Banana
Bananas are an important characteristic fruit in tropical and subtropical regions. The world’s current banana production ranks third in fruit production, second only to grapes and oranges. Because of the higher rate of return, banana farmers' investment in banana fertilization is positive. However, due to the lack of understanding of the fertilizer-demanding rules of bananas, there is widespread blind fertilization of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, and insufficient potassium fertilizer. Many farmers are accustomed to using as much as 70 kg and 18 kg of pure nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide per acre, which seriously affects the yield, quality, and economic benefits of bananas. At the same time, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers that are applied to the soil too much cannot be absorbed and used by bananas in a timely manner. With precipitation entering groundwater or damaging rivers due to soil erosion, it wastes resources and causes environmental pollution. To this end, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences soil fertilization by the Canadian Institute of Potassium and Phosphorus and the Provincial Science and Technology Agency under the 3-year study of balanced fertilization of banana technology, and achieved significant results. The three-year trial showed that the use of balanced fertilization technology compared with the local banana farmers' conventional fertilization method can save 35.7 % and 55.6 - 77.8 % of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, respectively, reducing fertilizer waste, avoiding environmental pollution, and achieving high yields: balance. The average yield of fertilized fertilized rice was 2906 kilograms. Farmers used 2696 kilograms of fertilized fertilizer. The average yield per mu increased by 210 kilograms and the yield increased by 7.8%. The market price of pure nitrogen, pure phosphorus, and pure potash was 4 yuan, 5 yuan, and 2.6 yuan per kilogram. The fertilized manure was 402 yuan per acre, and the conventional fertilization was 604 yuan. The fertilizer was saved at 202 yuan per acre, and the average wholesale price per mu was increased by 538 yuan per kilogram of bananas at a wholesale market price of 1.6 yuan. The quality of bananas was also determined. The results showed that the contents of vitamin C and reducing sugar in bananas grown with balanced fertilization increased by 38.7% and 21.9%, respectively; therefore, the balanced fertilization of bananas has important implications for further increasing yield, improving fruit quality, increasing income of farmers, and protecting the environment. . The specific soil fertility management measures adopted are as follows: