Mechanism and Application of Biopesticides on Vegetables

With the long-term heavy use of chemical pesticides in crops, especially in vegetables, the issue of pesticide residues has attracted increasing attention. People are increasingly calling for pollution-free vegetables, eliminating pesticide residues from the source and developing green agriculture. It has become an inevitable trend to improve the control effect of biological pesticides.

First, the biological pesticide mechanism of action

Biological pesticides are pesticides that are derived from organisms (animals, plants, and microorganisms), have specific control effects on specific pests, and are highly safe. Biological pesticides have the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, no residue (no accumulation in the environment), and low drug resistance. Biological pesticides mainly have the following three major categories:

l. Bt is Bacillus thuringiensis microbial insecticide, which is a Bacillus, insecticidal active ingredients are parasporal crystals and spores. Bt kills pests mainly because of stomach poisoning. After eating, the pests stop feeding due to bacterial toxins. At the same time, the spores germinate and multiply in the insects, causing the death of pests.

2. Abamectin is a new type of antibiotic insecticide acaricide, mainly stomach poisoning and contact toxicity, almost no systemic absorption and fumigation, it can pass through the insect's stomata and claw pad into the body, while having good The conduction of the cortical flow is to prevent the nervous system from affecting the life of the pests. The insects began to experience symptoms of paralysis after taking food, and then the activity and feeding behaviors are delayed until they stop.

3, nicotine is a plant insecticide. The main components are nicotine and oxymatrine. They have stomach poisoning, contact and fumigation on pests. The poisoning mechanism for pests is paralytic nerves. Vapors of smoke and ginsenosides can invade the body from any part of the body and cause poisoning. effect.

Second, determine the appropriate application time

Compared with chemical insecticides, insecticides generally play slower performance and the application time should be appropriately advanced. Taking avermectin insecticide as an example, in the hatching period of pests such as Plutella xylostella, it is best to apply pesticides to the second instar larvae, and the control effect on the older larvae and pupae is low. Bt and nicotine have higher control effects on young larvae than old larvae.

Third, according to the object of control, a reasonable grasp of the application concentration

Different kinds of pests, different insect pests of different insect states have different sensitivity to biological pesticides, must choose different types of pesticides according to the sensitivity of pests and the use of concentration in order to receive good control effect. For example, cabbage caterpillars are more sensitive to avermectin and Bt, which can be used for controlling avermectin 3500-4500 times; Bt: 500-1000 times.

Fourth, choose the right climatic conditions

The biological activity of avermectin is related to temperature. At the same concentration, the higher the temperature, the higher the biological activity and the positive temperature effect. Therefore, avermectin is more suitable for the control of various kinds of vegetable pests in hot summer and autumn seasons. The spores in Bt insecticide had the highest activity and good application effect when the temperature was 20°C~25°C and the relative humidity was above 85%, while the activity was lower in the environment where the temperature was below 20°C and the prolonged exposure to sunlight and strong stormy weather. Strong, poor application. When the light and temperature are above 25°C, it is advisable to apply it around 5 o'clock in the afternoon in order to avoid the destruction of spores by sunlight and ultraviolet rays, and it can be applied on a cloudy day.

Fifth, pay attention to spray method

Since biological pesticides are mainly based on stomach poisoning, it is necessary to pay attention to the uniform application of pesticides when spraying, and spray the front and back of the leaves to increase the efficacy. To increase the adhesion of avermectin, a small amount of vegetable oil may be added during dilution. Bt powders and granules should be applied in the morning and evening with dew and light rain, in order to facilitate the drug to adhere to the crop stems and leaves play a poisonous role. For thicker waxy vegetable varieties, a small amount of washing powder may be added when the pesticide is diluted, which also helps to enhance the adhesive ability of the medicine.

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