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Occurrence of Cotton Blindness and Integrated Control Technology
In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural structure, the area of ​​planting insect-resistant cotton has expanded year after year, the number of pesticides used in cotton fields and the reduction in the amount of medication have caused fundamental changes in the population of harmful organisms in cotton fields, especially in the past few years. It has developed into a major pest in cotton fields, and its occurrence and hazards have been increasing year by year. In the late July of last year, we investigated that 200 to 300 blind cinerea species in the cotton field were generally grown, and some plots reached 550 to 600. This resulted in a large number of broken leaves, and the average damage rate of the leaves exceeded 80%, which seriously affected the function of the blades. The formation of bells and bells has reduced the yield and quality of cotton and has greatly affected the income of cotton farmers. 1. Hazardous characteristics Cotton budworm sucking adult nymphs sucking cotton strains of nutrient solution, resulting in a large number of shedding bells, broken head, broken leaves and branches and clumps. In each growth period of cotton, the performance after victimization is also different. If it is killed in the cotyledon stage, the growing point becomes black and dry and no longer grows, leaving only two cotyledons. After the emergence of true leaves, the top buds are killed, adventitious buds are clustered, and they become "long cotton" or the top bud is broken after being unfolded. This is called "breaking head madness." When the leaves are harmed, the leaves are broken up after being unfolded, which is called "broken leaf madness". Young larvae become blackened and shed in 2 to 3 days; the buds appear dark spots after being damaged, and the petals cannot be opened normally. At the heart and side of the victim, the branches and leaves grow thick and long, called "broom seedlings." 2. Occurrence of the disease The cotton aphids belong to the family Aphididae, which is mainly responsible for the occurrence of hazards such as green-lipped ticks, blind ticks, and blind ticks. The hazard crops include cotton, pasture, beans, corn, sorghum, vegetables, fruit trees and weeds. In our city, we mainly use green-lipped carp to harm cotton. In the third to fifth generations of the annual occurrence of Lami, the first two and three generations harmed cotton. The eggs were used for wintering in the stem branches, stems of artemisia stems, dead leaves of the broad bean, pomegranate, apple, etc., as well as the remains of cotton, dead branches and shells. Incubation begins in early April of the following year. Adults begin to appear in mid-April to early May, and they mainly live on hosts such as cockroaches. In mid-June, cotton fields intruded from late June to late July. During the middle of August, they moved out of the cotton fields and moved into the area of ​​crickets, beans, and wild wormwood. L. lucidula breeds more eggs in densely growing cotton fields. Like high temperature and high humidity and rain, the temperature is 25 ~ 30 °C, relative humidity is more than 80%, suitable for egg hatching and breeding harm. 3. Causes of retransmission 3.1 Improper use of pesticides. Due to the widespread promotion of insect-resistant cotton, cotton bollworms are light and the amount of pesticides in the field is small, or the pesticides used are effective for bollworms, but they are not effective against moths such as cotton sucking moths and red spiders, resulting in insect pests. A lot of accumulation. Provides source of insects for the coming year. 3.2 The climate conditions are suitable. Because the blind plague is a hiophilic pest, the rainfall from June to July is relatively high, and the humidity is high. The larvae are prosperous, the maggots breed more eggs quickly, the insects increase, and the blind larvae harm more. Drought is detrimental to blind plagues, especially the three-point blind plague drought occurs only in one generation. At the same time, the budding period of cotton has advanced in recent years, and more buds have also created favorable conditions for the occurrence of blind warts. 3.3 There are many blind monks. In recent years, with the adjustment of planting structure, the cotton cocoons have gradually increased their consumption of crops such as alfalfa, beans, vegetables and fruit trees. Most of the blind lice that damage the cotton fields were moved from the flowers, green manure, and weeds that bloomed in the early spring to the cotton fields. The type, quantity, and growth status of the host around the cotton field in early spring have a great influence on the population growth of the blind plover. 3.4 Farmers lack of awareness, prevention and treatment late, miss the best period of prevention and treatment. 4. Comprehensive prevention and control technology 4.1 Agricultural control. 4.1.1 Remove overwintering hosts such as cotton dead branches and weeds, and eliminate blind fleas outside cotton fields to protect cotton from damage. Before hatching, the roadside, weeds, and cottonwood were removed to reduce the source of host insects in early spring. 4.1.2 Rational fertilization. Pay attention to the reasonable mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers to combine organic manure with compound fertilizers, increase potash fertilizer and trace fertilizers, and avoid partial nitrogen fertilizers and large-scale application of nitrogen fertilizers in the middle and late stages to prevent excessive growth of cotton. 4.1.3 Timely pruning of damaged cotton plants. Especially for the long cotton, remove the thin and weak branches and keep 1 or 2 branches as the trunk to reduce losses. 4.2 Chemical control. 4.2.1 First, we must grasp the prevention and control of the insect source. After hatching, the eggs can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid or 10% cypermethrin 2000 times in the green manure, carrots, cabbages, cabbage fields, and weed grass plots where the overwhelming source of insects is concentrated. 4.2.2 In the peak season of blind stink bugs in cotton fields, timely prevention and control according to field control indicators. The first is combined prevention and control of aphids in the middle and late May. The second is to do a good job of prevention and treatment of budding cotton in the middle and late June. At this time, the development of cotton plants is relatively young, and in case of rainy or humid climate conditions, it is conducive to the occurrence and harm of blind stink bugs, which is the key period of prevention and control. The prevention and control indexes are controlled by the use of drugs when the damage rate of the fruiting branches or the top leaves reaches 5% or the spotted cotton plants are injured. Each barrel was sprayed with 10% imidacloprid 5 to 10 g. Pyrethrin 25 to 30 ml or 50% quick-killing scorpion, scorpion spirit, and yishenshen to kill the water.