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The University of Tokyo announced on October 11, 2016 that they have successfully developed a new technology that can efficiently control DNA recombination reactions by performing short-time exposure to weak light.
The research team consisting of the researcher of the University of Tokyo's Graduate School of Integrated Cultural Studies, Mr. Yohei, the graduate student of Okazaki Ryoko, Associate Professor Sato Shoji, and the Professor of Reproductive and Rehabilitation Medicine of Columbia University, Professor Yazawa Masaru, completed the research. The specific results were published on October 10 in the well-known American scientific journal Nature Chemical Biology.
Most researchers use the Cre-LoxP recombinase system technology when knocking out the base sequence of a target gene from a genome, or when genetically embedding a genome. In recent years, the use of compounds and light for the artificial control of the Cre-LoxP recombinase system has attracted more and more attention, especially if the Cre-LoxP recombinase system can be controlled by light. Tissues and cells are targeted to induce DNA recombination at any point in time. However, the existing technology can greatly reduce the efficiency of DNA recombination when using light for control, which is also a major problem that plagues researchers.
In this study, the team members linked the temporarily inactive DNA recombinase (Cre) with an optical switch protein and successfully developed a photoactivated Cre recombinase that can be used to control DNA recombination by light. The enzyme was named "PA-Cre".
PA-Cre is capable of illuminating weak light (one-hundredth of a millionth of the light intensity commonly used in optogenetics) to achieve DNA recombination with extremely high efficiency, and short-term illumination of about 30 seconds is sufficient to induce DNA recombination. In addition, the researchers successfully used PA-Cre to perform DNA recombination on selected target locations.
On this basis, the researchers used PA-Cre to optically control the genetics of deep mice. It has been found that when light is irradiated from outside the living body using a non-invasive method, DNA recombination can be efficiently induced to the liver of the deep body of the mouse.
Researchers say that this achievement allows genetic activity within living organisms to be controlled by non-invasive light exposure, which is important for identifying genetic functions associated with disease.