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Chrysanthemum Soilless Culture Technology
Chrysanthemum is native to China, and it is the oldest traditional flower in cultivation history. It has such nicknames as Zhu Ying, Yan Hua, Ju Hua, Ji Hua, Jin Rui, Women's Day and Huang Hua. Chrysanthemum is not only colorful, beautiful flower shape, but also fear the cold, proud frost bloom, since ancient times, has been deeply loved by people. Chrysanthemum is a perennial herb of the genus Compositae. Standing erect or spreading, stout and multi-branched, plant height 40-150 cm, branchlets greenish blue or purple-brown. Leaves large, ovate to broadly lanceolate, margin serrate or deeply lobed, base cuneate, stipitate, with or without trails. Chrysanthemum is one of the basis for identifying chrysanthemum varieties. Head flower, 2-30 cm in diameter. Colors are white, pink, snowy, rose red, purple to reddish, egg yolk, yellow, brownish brown, brownish red, in addition to light green, red flour back, red yellow back, and an inflorescence in two different colors The flowers are called "Qi color". Chrysanthemum is a kind of cold-resistant flower, with a cool climate and plenty of light. At 18-21°C, it is most suitable for growth and development. In addition to Chrysanthemum, most of them are open in autumn. In the past, chrysanthemums were all soil-planted, and soilless cultivation was introduced in the new method. Use cuttings to raise seedlings. In mid-June, choose a suitable plant type, suitable for commercial Chrysanthemum species, with its winter or spring planting seedlings as mother plants, cut the upper part of its full, pest-free cuttings for the top. The cuttings are 5-7 cm in length. After removal, the base leaves are removed and 2-3 leaflets are retained. The incisions are horseshoe-shaped. The seedlings are treated with vermiculite as the substrate. The 50% carbendazim WP is used to disinfect the skin first. The cutting depth is about 2 cm, and the row spacing is about 3 cm. After being inserted, it is sprayed with clear water, and the inserting pot (or box) is placed in a semi-subterranean seedbed, covered with a plastic film and a draperie curtain. Spray water once in 3 to 5 days after cutting, and it can be transplanted in about 20 days. The nutrient elements needed to prepare nutrient solution are: 69% potassium nitrate, 18% superphosphate, 9.7% magnesium sulfate, 1.4% urea, and ferrous sulfate 0.69%, manganese sulfate 0.27%, phosphoric acid 0.27%, anhydrous calcium chloride 0.067%, zinc acetate 0.067%. The ratio of total weight of inorganic elements to water is 1:500 in the previous period (mid-July to early August), 1:300 times in the middle period (mid-August to mid-September), and later (from late September to mid-October). ) is 1:400, PH is 5 to 5.5. In early July, the complete rooted seedlings of Chrysanthemum were transplanted in a new pot with an internal diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 14 cm. The substrate was covered with vermiculite and the drainage holes in the basin were covered with tiles. After being planted, the water can be sprayed with a watering can, and the upper part is covered with a plastic film to prevent rain, and the cover curtain is shaded. After 7-10 days, remove the plastic film and draperies (before the heavy rain in mid-August, cover the plastic film again) and start pouring the nutrient solution. Once every 5 days, spray water to prevent nutrient solution after each application. Stay on the blade to cause damage. 3 days after the beginning of autumn, apply a nutrient solution, and then change the buds to another 5 days. In case of rain, supplement the nutrient solution in time. As the matrix is ​​soft, the juveniles are easy to fall down, so it is necessary to spray 800-1000 times B9 solution 2-3 times in the early stage and when the seedling height is 10-15 cm, to prevent leggy. Soilless cultivation of chrysanthemums, from the cuttings to the beginning of flower color transmission, takes only 110-130 days, and chrysanthemums grow strong and have high ornamental value. Moreover, compared with the soil, the labor intensity is low, and it is cleaner and healthier.