IBM with exogenous body to enter the liquid biopsy

Release date: 2016-08-16

If tumor immunology brings changes to cancer treatment, then liquid biopsy is a breakthrough in the diagnostic community. Recently, IBM began to enter the liquid biopsy, the Internet giant intends to establish a chip-based technology that can separate and detect particles at the nanoscale, and expects clinicians to detect tumors earlier. The findings were published in the August 1 issue of Nature Nanotechnology.

Scientists from Big Blue have improved a technique called nanoscale deterministic lateral displacement to develop a DNA, RNA, exosome or virus with a diameter below 20 nm. Chip.

Gustavo Stolovitzky, director of the IBM Translation Systems Biology and Nanobiotechnology Division, is the head of the study. His team placed columns of 100 to 200 nanometers in diameter on the chip. When the biological sample to be tested passes through the chip, small particles can pass directly, while large particles flow to other places after being intercepted.

The chip is the first step for IBM to enter a liquid biopsy, where exosomes may be the most noteworthy part. The exosomes are disc-shaped vesicles with a diameter of 30-300 nm and are closely related to cell signaling, waste disposal and other functions. It contains molecules such as DNA, RNA, and cell surface proteins, which can reflect the health of the cells.

In the past, most people thought that exosomes were only wastes secreted by cells. Recently, it has been found that exosomes play an important role in the exchange of information between cells. In particular, exosomes carry molecules that can respond to tumor mutation sites. The nanoscale lateral shifting technique was available 10 years ago, but this is the first time that this technology has been applied to such small objects as chips.

This technology can detect tumors early, and can also detect drug treatment effects in real time to accelerate the development of new drugs. It is the killer of IBM's rapid development of liquid biopsy market. Liquid biopsy is a trillion-dollar market. In recent years, a large number of companies have begun to get involved in this field, including sequencing company giant Illumina.

At present, the first test item of the chip is prostate cancer, and the exosomes will carry specific antigens on the surface of prostate cancer cells, which is expected to achieve early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

IBM's next step is to increase the efficiency of the chip so that it can collect enough exosomes to determine if a tumor has occurred. Ultimately, the application of this detection technology will not be limited to the disease of the tumor, but also to the diagnosis of other diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases. In theory, this chip can also be used to isolate viruses, but it has not yet been tried.

Although IBM's move to the liquid biopsy market is somewhat unexpected, Stolovitzky said that IBM is a great place to study liquid biopsy because of its deep experience in microelectronics and nanotechnology.

IBM's exploration of liquid biopsy technology is not over yet, and they plan to build a modular inspection platform to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Just like playing Lego, they plan to splicing chips of different functions on the same platform, and finally complete all the inspection items through one instrument. The realization of this goal will be a huge breakthrough in the diagnostic community.

Source: Safford Gene

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