This standard stipulates the use of steel frame greenhouses for the cultivation of the pollution-free cultivation of tomato, cultivation management, pest control and harvesting. This standard is applicable to the pollution-free production of tomato in greenhouses in the central and southern regions of Guizhou. First, steel frame greenhouse construction specifications For single-story steel frame greenhouses, steel pipes that are both rust-proof and wind-resistant and snow-resistant must be selected. The specifications of the assembled galvanized thin-walled steel pipe greenhouse are as follows: the span is generally 6-8 meters, the top height is 2.5-3 meters, the length is 30-50 meters, and the vent height is 1.2-1.8 meters. The thin-walled steel pipe with a wall thickness of 1.2-1.8 mm is used to make arches, poles and tie rods. The distance between the steel pipes is 1 to 1.2 meters, and the inner and outer hot-dip galvanizing to prolong the service life. The shed is assembled by using a clamp and a sleeve to connect the shed, and the cover film is fixed by the film groove. Second, the mouth of the arrangement The tomato planting in the greenhouse is divided into early spring and autumn. In early spring, it is planted in mid-March, harvested from mid-April to mid-June; autumn is delayed in mid-July, and harvested from mid-October to mid-November. Third, the variety selection For the cultivation of steel frame greenhouses, it is advisable to choose the first-generation hybrids with high quality, high yield, disease resistance, early maturity and less leaf volume. For example, the early spring 茬 uses the American St. Nis company 313 and other varieties, and the autumn extension 茬 selects the Witt 8 and other varieties. Fourth, nursery 1. Nursery site. Adopt modern greenhouse greenhouse seedlings. 2. Preparation of the seed bed. Matrix preparation. Usually the ratio is peat soil: vermiculite: perlite = 3:1:1. The matrix should have good water retention and gas permeability, pH value 5.5~6.8, EC value (soluble salt concentration in solution) 0.55~0.75. Do not arbitrarily change the matrix formulation to ensure stable production. 3. Container preparation. Place the prepared substrate into the tray (128 or 72 holes) and place the password in the seedbed. 4. Soaking seeds and germination. Disinfect with warm water soaking seeds. The seeds are immersed in warm water at 50 ° C to 60 ° C (prepared with 3 parts of cold water + 1 part of boiling water) for 10 minutes, and then immersed in warm water at a water temperature of 25 ° C to 30 ° C for 8 to 12 hours. Wrap the soaked seeds in a damp cloth and place them in the germination chamber. The indoor temperature is controlled between 25 ° C and 30 ° C. It is germinated for 1 to 5 days, and the seeds can be sown after being exposed to white tips. 5. Sowing. Seeds that have been germinated are sown in a tray with 1 seed per hole. After sowing, the soil is covered again, and the mixed substrate is evenly sprinkled on the seeding tray, and the water is poured to make the seed completely contact with the covering soil, which is favorable for germination and reduces the probability of wearing the cap. Finally, a layer of film is applied to the surface to maintain the germination rate. 6. After the broadcast to the pre-emergence management. After the sowing, the cover film is kept moisturized. During the sowing period, the substrate temperature is maintained at 20 °C ~ 25 °C, the temperature is 25 °C ~ 28 °C, and the substrate temperature is maintained at 20 °C ~ 22 °C and the temperature is 16 °C ~ 18 °C. During the daytime, the substrate temperature is maintained at 18 °C ~ 20 °C, the temperature is 18 °C ~ 22 °C, and the substrate temperature is maintained at 8 °C ~ 12 °C and the temperature is 16 °C ~ 18 °C. When the seedlings are topping the soil, the air is released, and the amount of air is gradually increased until the film is removed. 7. Preparation of seedling matrix. The seedling substrate was prepared according to the ratio of peat soil: vermiculite: perlite = 3:1:1. Add appropriate amount of decomposed chicken manure. 8. Split the seedlings. When the seedling grows to the second leaf and one heart, the seedling is divided into the plug. 9. Management after seedlings. Before the seedlings, the substrate temperature is maintained at 18 °C ~ 20 °C, the temperature is 26 °C ~ 30 °C, the nighttime substrate temperature is 8 °C ~ 20 °C, the temperature is 18 °C ~ 20 °C; the substrate temperature is maintained after the seedlings until the planting 15 °C ~ 16 ° C, temperature 20 ° C ~ 25 ° C, at night to maintain the substrate temperature 13 ° C ~ 15 ° C, temperature 12 ° C ~ 14 ° C. The seedlings were refurbished 15 days before planting, and the substrate temperature during the day was 15 ° C to 16 ° C, the temperature was 18 ° C to 22 ° C, the nighttime substrate temperature was 10 ° C to 12 ° C, and the temperature was 8 ° C to 12 ° C. If the seedling stage is not dry or poured, it should be controlled. If there is water shortage, it can be sprinkled in the noon on sunny days. It is strictly forbidden to pour large water. Replace the position of the tray in real time to make it grow even. V. Colonization 1. The period of colonization. Tomato seedlings take 50 to 60 days from sowing to colonization, and colonize when the seedlings have 8 to 9 leaves. 2. Preparation before planting. Before planting, the cultivated land is about 30 cm deep, and 5000-7000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu, 60% of which are applied, 40% of which are ditched and concentrated. It is made of sorghum or tile ridges, with a width of 1.2 meters, a width of 0.9 meters, and a height of 15 centimeters. 3. Colonization. At the time of planting, each side of the sorghum surface is opened with a small groove of 15 cm wide and 8 cm deep. Each ditch is planted with 1 row, the plant spacing is 35-40 cm, and 3000-3500 plants per acre are planted, and the mulch covers the mulch. Sixth, field management 1. Pollination. Plants can be driven by shaking or vibrating the frame to promote pollen insemination, or by manual movement to drive the plants, or by using anti-fallin treatment or drone pollination. 2. The results are early. (1) Temperature and humidity management. When planting, the temperature is low, the amount of watering is small, and the air is not released after 3 to 5 days after planting, which promotes early seedlings. The temperature during the day is kept at 30 °C, 15 °C to 17 °C at night, and the temperature is kept at 20 °C ~ 25 after the seedlings. °C, 10 °C ~ 12 °C at night, and watering the seedlings. (2) Plant adjustment. The hanging vines are used to fix the branches and evenly. When the number of spikes left has reached the requirement, two leaf tips are left above the last spike. 3. Fruit period and post management. The first ear has been seated and grows to the size of the walnut. The young fruit is transferred to the rapid expansion period. The seedlings are to be finished, the topdressing and topping are applied, and 10 kg of urea is applied per acre, and then water is poured once every 5 to 6 days. The optimum temperature is 25 ° C to 26 ° C during the day and 15 ° C to 17 ° C during the night. It is necessary to master the ventilation time according to the temperature change. In the fruit period, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, combined with watering mu, chasing humic acid organic fertilizer or fulvic acid organic fertilizer, about 20 kg, or decomposed human excrement 300-500 kg, or biogas fertilizer 300-500 kg, each The effect is better with 1 kg of fish protein organic liquid fertilizer. In the later stage, the seedlings will be applied to the humic acid organic fertilizer for 10-20 kg or the biogas fertilizer 300-500 kg. Seven, pest control 1. Selection and use of pesticides. It is strictly forbidden to use high-toxicity, highly toxic and “Sanzhi†pesticides, and control the application rate and safety interval according to the requirements of pesticide safety use standards and rational use guidelines for pesticides. 2. Basic principles of prevention and control. Take the prevention-oriented and comprehensive prevention policy, and focus on the protection and utilization of beneficial organisms in the field, and coordinate the use of biological, agricultural and physical measures, supplemented by high-efficiency, low-toxic and low-residue chemical pesticides. Integrated pest management to minimize pesticide use. 3. Diseases. (1) Prevention and treatment of tomato virus disease. In the early stage of the disease, 10% hydrochloric acid morpholinium WP can be sprayed with 33.3-50 g per acre, 20% yttrium acetate copper wettable powder, 166.5-250 g per acre or 1.8% siminamine acetate saline per acre. 18 grams of control. (2) Prevention and treatment of tomato early blight. It is found that the central diseased plant should be sprayed with 50% iprodione wettable powder once, 25-50 grams per acre, safe interval of 7 days, or sprayed with 65% mancozeb wettable powder once, 170-240 per acre. Gram, the security interval is 7 days. (3) Prevention and treatment of tomato late blight. At the beginning of the disease, 50% Kaiser water dispersible granules can be sprayed once, the amount of mu is 35g, and the safety interval is 7 days; or 50% nail cream copper WP can be sprayed, the preparation is 100-120g per acre, and the safety interval is 7 Day; or spray with 40% ethylphosphine-aluminum wettable powder, 200-250 grams of preparation per acre, safe interval of 7 days; or 72.2% of ground mold water 500 times solution, root preparation, 43.3 ~ 72.2 Gram. (4) Control of tomato leaf mold. Before the onset, use 45% chlorothalonil aerosol to fumigate, 250 grams per acre, safe interval of 7 days, sealed for 3 hours after the open shed ventilation. After the onset, spray 47% Garry powder, 30 grams per acre, safe interval of 7 days; or spray with 50% polysulfur suspension (carbendazim), 70-80 ml per acre, safe interval 7 days; or spray 70% thiophanate-methyl WP at 25 to 37.5 grams per acre, with a safe interval of 7 days. 4. Pests. (1) Locust control. Use a yellow plate to trap the winged cockroaches; spray 25% Aketai water powder once, use 4 grams per acre to control aphids and white meal mites; or spray with 5% natural pyrethrin emulsifiable concentrate once, 40 to 50 grams per acre; It can be controlled by spraying 40% to 60g per acre with 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate. (2) Prevention and control of whitefly. Use the yellow plate to trap the adult; to cultivate the insect-free seedlings, to prevent the whitefly from being brought into the greenhouse with the seedlings. Eliminate the insect source around the sputum and the greenhouse; use the insect to control the worm, release the larvae to control the whitefly, and when the number of white mites is 1 to 3 per plant, the worm and the parasitoid are 1:2~4. Proportion, release Lithium bee once every 7 to 10 days, put a bee 3 times, can effectively control its damage; spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 ~ 2000 times liquid, 20 ~ 30 grams per acre, safe The interval is 10 days; or 10% acetamiprid microemulsion 1000-2000 times liquid spray, 10 to 20 grams of medicine, the safety interval is 10 days. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone Fingerprint Lock Safe Box,Fingerprint Lock Safe,Fingerprint Lock Box,Fingerprint Safe Hebei Tiger Brand Group Jia Bao Cabinet Industry Co. LTD , https://www.cntigersafe.com