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Peach Tree Winter Scissors: Strives for ventilation and light transmission
First, the basis and principles of plastic tree pruning: peach light, strong, when the light is insufficient, it is easy to cause twigs dead, must pay attention to the light in the canopy, open the tree potential, sticks group happy. Strong polarity, prone to strong and weak, weak under the back of the strong phenomenon, in the plastic pruning, we should pay attention to the curved branches of the backbone of the extension, the more apex of the branches, do not leave large branches on the back. Buds with early maturation, can grow several times a year, can make full use of summer shear, use 2-3 branches to accelerate plastic surgery, culture sticks. Peach's sprouting force, branching force are strong, and the number of latent buds is small. It should be noted that the shoots are frequently updated. Second, peach tree pruning common tree shape: (1) naturally happy shape: for conventional planting density orchard, dry height 40-50 cm, generally leaving three main branches, main branch spacing 20 cm, base angle 60-70 degrees ,Evenly distributed. Leave 3-4 lateral branches on each side of the main branch. The main branches and the branches on the side branch and the result branches. The dil site may leave a second side branch on the opposite side of the first side branch. (2) Single plant "y" shape: used for dense planting of orchards, 40-50 centimeters to dry, selected two new shoots with balanced growth potential between the rows to grow into main branches, and timely picking the heart to promote the occurrence of secondary shoots. The two main branches have an opening angle of 45-50 degrees. During winter cutting, the main branch of the main branch of a robust section short cut, as the main branches of the extension of the branch, and in the lower end of the selection of one side of the short branch, the length of clipping is less than the main branch of the extension branch. In the summer of the second year, the extension branches of the main and lateral branches are continued to be picked up and the second side branches are arranged at the same time, and the remaining branches can be picked up repeatedly to promote the formation of fruit branches. Pruning of different stages of peach life: Pruning of peach trees can be carried out from the time of defoliation to the sprouting of the following year. Generally, it is advisable to advance from the fallen leaves to the Spring Festival. Pruning methods include short cuts, shrinking shears, thinning and long shoots. Pruning of fruit trees at different ages has different purposes and effects. 1. Pruning of saplings and early fruit trees: Pruning of saplings and early fruit trees should be based primarily on plasticity. Expand the canopy as soon as possible to cultivate a strong skeleton and lay the foundation for future yields. On the backbone branches and extension branches according to the standard tree section to be cultivated, the tree shape is cultivated; on the non-bone branches, the branches are gently sheared and long-released to promote flowering and early results, and various types of fruiting branches are gradually cultivated. The principle of plastic pruning is tangible immortality, intangible, making full use of space, so that dense plants do not close branches, stay empty, empty and sparse, cultivate a reasonable tree shape, early fruit early yield. 2. Pruning of fruit trees during fruit period: The duration of full fruit period is closely related to the management level. The main task of pruning during this period is to regulate the relationship between growth and results, maintain a robust tree vigor, and extend the full fruit period as much as possible. After entering the full fruit period, the growth gradually eased, the crown no longer expanded, and the yield was high and stable. At this time, the ratio of short and middle fruit branches increased, and the growth became weaker. The main task of pruning is to maintain the balance of tree vigor, retreat in time, prevent canopy closure in the garden, cultivate and update the branches and branches of various results, and prevent the premature decline of branches and branches and the outward movement of the resulting parts. During winter cutting, the general pruning of the backbone branches was relatively aggravated, and the entire park was properly retracted after the closure of the canopy to promote its germination. It is retracted every 2 to 3 years to maintain the growth of the backbone. As a result, the branches and branches must be continuously updated. When the branches and branches are weakened, they will be retracted to the middle and lower fruit branches in the middle and lower part. The strong and vigorous branches will be stimulated to rejuvenate the branches and branches; the excessively weak branch groups can be neglected and the near-term legions can be used. The branches cultivate new fruiting groups. The results of pruning the branches: the results of branch and species, tree vigor, tree age, etc., generally winter branches after the results of the branch branches maintained at 10 to 20 cm. The varieties of northern cultivars are dominated by short fruiting branches and can be more dense; southern cultivars are dominated by middle and long fruiting twigs, and may be thinned appropriately. Result The length of branch retention should be determined according to the length of the shoot, the site of implantation, and the fruit setting rate of the variety. Generally long fruiting branches retain 5 to 8 flower buds. When dense, clear upright branches to stay flat and oblique branches, pay attention to the distribution of branches, do not “share the headâ€, stagger the length, but also pay attention to leave the preparation of the branches; the middle fruit branches generally cut off 3 to 5 Flower buds, clipping bud leaves leaves buds; short fruit branches and bouquet-like results are generally only sparsely truncated; leggy results fruiting branches with low fruit set, strong growth, short cuts can be followed by several good fruiting branches, often combined with summer pruning Cultivating the result sticks. In the pruning of branches, there are two methods for the preparation of the branches, one is called two-branch renewal, that is, two similar fruit branches on the mother branch are selected at the base, the upper branch is trimmed according to the result branches, and the lower branch only leaves two buds at the base. Cuts and draws two new shoots to form the result of the second year. In the winter, the above-mentioned branches have been neglected. The following two new branches are still pruned in the previous year. The upper branch results in the lower branch and the two branches are short-cut. This maintains one result per year and one branch. There is also a so-called single branch renewal, that is, to properly cut strong and middle-fruit branches, so that it can not only endure 2 or 3 fruits, but also can extract strong new shoots. In the winter, the upper branchlets are removed and the lower ones are robust. The same cut, so repeated, to maintain the balance of results and growth. In the case of plastic pruning, if the imbalance between the backbone branches is encountered, the pruning branches may be cut with strong branches, weak branches, light branches, strong branches with weak buds, weak branches with strong buds, strong branch opening angles, and weak branch elevations. From the perspective, using support, pull, and vertical methods, combined with partial fertilization for the next year, gradually balance the tree potential. 3. The renewal of the senescence tree pruning: After the peach trees enter the senescence period, the main lateral branches turn weak, and there is a dead phenomenon. The long fruit twigs are reduced. The middle and short fruit branches and the bouquet branches are greatly increased. Many fruit branches cannot be pumped after the result. Produce a good new shoot, the resulting parts move out, fruit shape is small, more fruit drop, low yield. The pruning task in this period is the updating and rejuvenation of trees and branches. When pruning, lightly retract the branches, and the middle and twigs retract appropriately and retract to strong branches or full shoots. However, it cannot be retracted too much or too heavy for one year. For extremely aging trees, the main branch is updated (backbone renewal), stimulate budding shoots to grow branches or strong branches, and then cultivating new robust backbones to re-form the canopy.