Measures to improve the feed digestibility of dairy cows

Strengthen carbohydrate digestion

Cows consume 75% to 80% dry matter and more than 50% crude fiber in the rumen to digest. There is a symbiotic relationship between rumen microbes and the host, rumen bacteria, and ciliates. It is this symbiotic relationship that determines the ability to digest large amounts of crude fiber feed. Carbohydrates in feed produce ruminal fatty acids (VFAs), including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and are the largest source of energy for ruminants. Under normal conditions, acetic acid accounts for 50%-65%, propionic acid accounts for 18%-25% and butyric acid accounts for 12%-20%. The ratio between VFAs is affected by the proportion of coarse grains in the diet and the shape of roughage. When the proportion of dietary roughage is reduced or the coarse material is too fine, the proportion of propionic acid increases and the proportion of acetic acid decreases. If the ratio of acetic acid drops below 50%, the fat content in milk decreases and body fat deposition increases, which is beneficial to fattening cattle due to rumination. Glucose in animals cannot participate in milk fatty acid molecules and is detrimental to cows. In addition, the degree of fermentability of the carbohydrate, the length of time the feed stays in the rumen, and the amount of saliva secretion all affect the fermentation mode.

Dairy cattle concentrates should not be too much, rough materials can not be processed too fine, but this is not to say that the longer the raw materials or coarse materials can not be used, the better. It has been reported that feeding dairy cows with diets with a high content of coarse grains can only achieve lower yields because the digestible energy of the ingestion is too low and the energy loss is large. If you want to achieve a milk yield of 6000 kg - 7000 In kilograms, it is necessary to supply more concentrated dairy cows, at least 40% of the total nutritional value. The increase in the amount of concentrate and the reduction in the amount of coarse material will lead to a decrease in the pH of the ruminal contents, a change in the normal rumen microflora, an increase in the proportion of propionic acid, a decrease in the rate of milk fat, and a decrease in the pH may also easily cause gastric ulcers, and sometimes even acid Poisoning. In order to adapt dairy cows to diets with high concentrate levels and obtain high milk yields while avoiding adverse consequences, the solution is to control rumen fermentation, such as adding buffer compounds such as sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide to the diet. Etc., so that the rumen content maintains a suitable pH, various volatile fatty acids are maintained at a suitable ratio. The addition of buffering compounds such as sodium bicarbonate in diets with more concentrates can not only increase the milk fat percentage but also increase milk production, mainly because the buffer compounds can also feed dry matter on feedstuffs. Base increases and improves digestibility.

Promote protein digestion

Dietary protein is divided into two groups based on the metabolism in the rumen, degrading proteins and non-degrading proteins. The former is decomposed into ammonia, which can be synthesized by rumen bacteria. The latter does not change. Directly across the rumen to the abomasum and small intestine, it is called rumen protein. According to the size of the rumen, they are divided into three categories: raw materials with low rumen (less than 40%), such as soybean meal, peanut meal, etc.; raw materials with moderate rumen (40%-60%), such as cottonseed meal, Maize, etc.; Raw materials that have a high ruminal value (greater than 60%), such as fish meal, blood meal, meat meal, and feather meal. There are both protein breakdown and protein synthesis in the rumen. The protein fermentation in the rumen facilitates the conversion of poor quality proteins into bacterial proteins with high biological value, and also converts non-protein nitrogen such as urea into bacterial proteins. But it is not conducive to the loss of feed protein through the rumen by microbial decomposition to form large amounts of ammonia, especially high-quality proteins. After 85% of rumen protein utilization is calculated, the utilization rate of the protein converted into the bacterial protein and then absorbed through the intestine is only about 50%. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the degree of degradability of high-quality protein and synthetic amino acids in the rumen.

The purpose of gastric fermentation control is to reduce the loss of nutrients during fermentation. By changing the type of fermentation, it is possible to prevent diseases and increase milk yield and quality. Take appropriate measures to make nutrients, especially proteins and starch, directly into the stomach and small intestine through the rumen. Commonly used chemical substances include ionophores, such as rumen, which can increase propionic acid production and reduce the production of acetic acid and butyric acid, and reduce the degradation rate of feed protein. Halogenated compounds, such as polyhalogenated alcohols and polyhalogenated aldehydes, inhibit the production of methane in the rumen and reduce energy loss. Buffer substances, such as sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide, regulate rumen acid-base balance and osmotic pressure stability.

Improve the digestibility of roughage

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