Late-maturing cultivation techniques of chestnut pumpkin

Chestnut is also called Japanese pumpkin locally. It has small causality, high powder quality, good quality and flavor, and is well received by consumers. In recent years, it has been widely cultivated in Zhejiang. Two crops (open field) or three crops (protected field) can be cultivated in one year, mainly concentrated in spring, and relatively late in summer and autumn. In order to extend the production and supply period of chestnut squash, the author has carried out several years of late-maturing cultivation experiments in various parts of Zhejiang, and now summarizes the main points of its cultivation technology.

I. Seeding and Seedling

1. Variety selection

Pumpkins are susceptible to high temperature and heavy rain in the early stages of autumn cultivation and low temperatures in the later stages. The suitable growth time is very short. Therefore, autumn planting must choose early-maturing, heat-resistant, high-yield, resistant varieties, such as Jin Li, Gan Li, red chestnut pumpkin and other varieties.

2. Sowing date

The planting period should be arranged according to the local climate. It should not be too early, otherwise the seedlings will encounter high temperature and rain, and the disease will be serious, especially the virus disease *. The planting period should not be too late, otherwise the growth period suitable for pumpkin growth is too short, affecting the yield and quality of pumpkin. The general sowing period of open field cultivation in Zhejiang area is from late July to early August.

3． Nursery

Summer and autumn seedlings have high temperature, strong light, and heavy rain, and seedlings of seedlings in open fields are easy to be damaged. Therefore, they are covered with shade nets and nursery bowls. The seedbed should be selected in a convenient and relatively cool place for irrigation. Before sowing, the seeds must be disinfected and soaked for 4-6 hours. The nutrient bowl is watered first, sowing 2 seeds per bowl, and covering the soil with about 2cm after sowing. Set up an arch or shade after sowing. After emergence, if there is a sunny day and the temperature is high during the daytime, you must use a sunshade net to cover the temperature from 9:30 am to 4:00 pm; in case of heavy rain, you should cover the agricultural film to prevent rain. At the same time, the water evaporates quickly in summer, and watering is required, usually in the evening when the temperature is low. Combined with watering every two to three days, 0.5% of the ternary compound fertilizer solution was used as seedling fertilizer. High temperature is not good for the formation of female flowers of pumpkin. When the first true leaf is exposed, spray ethephon at 150mg / kg, once a day, and in the evening, spray a total of two times to promote the formation of female flowers. Before planting 2--3d, the light should be gradually increased, and seedlings should be refined to enhance the ability of the watermelon seedlings to withstand strong light and high temperature.

Colonization

1. Land selection and action

The cultivation of chestnut pumpkin is preferably a plot of fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and no melons have been planted in the previous crop. Every 667 square meters, 2500-3000kg of rotten farmhouse fertilizer is applied, and 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer. Deep trenches are high to facilitate drainage during heavy rains in autumn, and also facilitate irrigation during droughts.

2. Colonization density

The temperature of late maturity cultivation is high, and the cultivation density should not be too large. Generally, the ridge width is 2.5m. Climbing cultivated plants are located at a distance of 0.4m, and 600-700 plants are planted per 667 square meters; stand-up cultivation is double-rowed, with a plant spacing of 0.6m, and about 900 plants are planted per 667 square meters.

3． Colonization

The seedling age of late maturity cultivation should not be too large, otherwise it will easily cause root damage and affect plant survival. Generally, it is planted about 10 days after sowing. Planting should be done on a sunny afternoon or cloudy day. After it is planted, it is covered with plastic film, and the whole hoe is covered with straw or wheat straw, which can reduce ground temperature, maintain soil humidity, prevent soil compaction, inhibit weed growth, and prevent diseases and insect pests.

Field management

Fertilizer and water management

Pumpkin stems and leaves are lush, with many results and large amount of fertilizer. During the cultivation process, the supply of fertilizer and water should be strengthened. After planting, pour enough water to fix the roots, and apply dilute dung water or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2-3 times, and apply topdressing compound fertilizer 15kg each in the growing stage and fruit setting stage to promote the vegetative growth of pumpkin plants in the early stage Promote fruit growth at a later stage. After each harvest of 1--2 times, a ternary compound fertilizer should be applied once. The temperature is high in late summer and early autumn and the amount of transpiration of the plant is large. Watering should be paid to make the soil moisture sufficient to facilitate the growth of pumpkin roots. If there is more rain in the seedling stage, you can avoid watering and pay attention to drainage at the same time; in dry weather, it should be poured in small water, and can be combined with fertilization each time. Conditional * sprinkler irrigation, which is more conducive to cooling and plant management.

2. Fruit setting

Strict pruning, leaving only the main vine of each plant, and removing the remaining side branches to promote early fruiting and soil compaction at the nodes, which is conducive to the occurrence of adventitious roots, increase the absorption area, and concentrate nutrients to promote growth. At the same time, the diseased leaves, old leaves, diseased melons, and weak melons should be removed in time to concentrate the transportation of nutrients and promote fruit growth and development. Malformed melons are prone to high temperatures in autumn, so artificial pollination should be assisted, and flowers and fruits should be preserved to improve fruit set rate.

3． Pest Control

The main diseases of pumpkin cultivation in autumn are virus diseases and insect pests, such as yellow shougua, aphids, and melons. Virus disease prevention and control is mainly based on seed disinfection and aphid prevention, and timely removal of diseased plants to prevent disease spread. After colonization, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder plus 20% virus A wettable powder can be used to control aphids and virus diseases. Spray aphids especially in the early stage of growth, usually spray once every 2--3d.

4． Harvest

Chestnut squash usually harvests melon. When late-maturing cultivation is good, you can also harvest young melon for sale. The melon can be harvested 15 days after flowering, but the melon needs 35--40 days to harvest.

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