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Facility carbon dioxide gas fertilization technology
Carbon dioxide is one of the main raw materials for photosynthesis of crops. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is generally about 300 ml/m3, which is far from meeting the need for high-quality and high-yield crops. It is also impractical to add carbon dioxide gas fertilizer to the open air. The enclosed environment of the greenhouse makes carbon dioxide gas fertilization possible. At the same time, it is also one of the indispensable important measures for high yield and quality cultivation of protected land. 1. Method of application 1.1 Liquid carbon dioxide fertilization method converts gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide after being pressurized and is stored in a cylinder. When the fertilizer is applied, the valve is opened, and a vaporized carbon dioxide is evenly released into the shed using a long plastic hose with a small outlet hole. indoor. Cylinder outlet pressure is 1.0--1.2kg/cm2, 6-12min per day. Carbon dioxide is generally a by-product of wineries and chemical plants, with a purity requirement of over 99%. The cylinder can use GPT-216-150-40 seamless bottle produced by Anshan High Pressure Vessel Factory. 1.2 Chemical Fertilization Fertilization is mainly a chemical reaction of a strong acid with a carbonate to produce carbonic acid, which is chemically unstable and can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water at low temperatures. The current promotion is mainly using dilute sulfuric acid and ammonium bicarbonate reaction. The reaction formula is: 2NH4HCO3+H2SO4 (dilute)=(NH4)2SO4+2CO2↑+2H2O. The carbon dioxide produced by the reaction can be used as a gas fertilizer, and ammonium sulfate can be used as a soil fertilizer. This method can use industrial sulfuric acid sulfuric acid, ammonium bicarbonate is a fertilizer, low cost. The specific usage is: the reaction vessel is a small plastic bucket, a glass jar or a glass bottle. Concentrated sulfuric acid and water are diluted 1:3. When diluted, slowly pour 1 part of concentrated sulfuric acid into 3 parts of water, and mix the water with plastic rods or glass rods while stirring thoroughly. Do not pour water into sulfuric acid to prevent sulfuric acid from splashing. Each hangar hangs 7-10 containers, the height of which is the middle and upper part of the crop, generally about 1.2m above the ground. Pour well-weighed dilute sulfuric acid into the container, and divide the 7--10 parts of good ammonium bicarbonate into plastic bags. Put a dozen holes in each bag and place them in a container filled with acid. Let it react slowly. After the residue is left without residual sulfuric acid, it can be applied as fertilizer to the soil. The method controls carbon dioxide gas concentration by controlling the amount of ammonium bicarbonate. In addition, the production of sulfuric acid and baking soda reaction, limestone and hydrochloric acid reaction. At the time of specific application, in addition to the above simple casting methods, a complete set of carbon dioxide gas generating devices has been sold for production. In this device, a large container is used instead of the above-mentioned small container, and the carbon dioxide gas generated is filtered through fresh water and then sent to the booth by a perforated plastic pipe. For example, the Fangtian brand HTI-8 carbon dioxide generator produced by Hebei Fertilizer Workstation can be used in high-tech parks or qualified farmers. 1.3 combustion fertilization method 1 liquid fuel combustion method. Carbon dioxide is produced by the combustion of liquid petrochemicals. The fuel is white kerosene and burns in a special burner, but the cost is higher. Its reaction formula is: 2C10H22+31O2--→20CO2↑+22H2O. 2 Solid fuel combustion method. The use of carbon-rich materials such as wood, coal, coke, etc. in the air to emit carbon dioxide. At present, there are special equipments for production, such as a device called “gas fertilizer machineâ€. Composed of a combustion furnace, a gas filtration device and a gas transportation device, such as SO2, CO, NO2, H2S and smoke generated after combustion are very Remove it well. The advanced carbon dioxide gas fertilizer bar is a new type of combustion gas fertilizer. It uses high-temperature dry distillation charcoal as a carbon source, and is fully mixed with a catalyst and an activator to form a compaction. After drying and activation, it is directly placed in a shed after being ignited by fire. Yes, it is worth promoting. 3 gas combustion method. The use of liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, biogas and other fuel combustion produces carbon dioxide. The canned liquefied gas is generally connected to a combustion device, which produces carbon dioxide when lit in a shed, while also providing light and heat. Its reaction formula is: C3H8+5O2--→3CO2↑+4H2O. 1.4 Microbial Decomposition Method 1 Add organic fertilizer to produce carbon dioxide. 2Cultivate edible mushrooms in the greenhouse. 1.5 Animal Breeding Method In the integrated production of breeding and planting, the greenhouse is directly connected with the culture area, such as the greenhouse---cattle farms (pig farms, sheep breeding farms, etc.), using the exhaled CO2 directly Shed room, thereby increasing the greenhouse CO2 concentration. 1.6 Soil Chemistry The use of CaCO3 powder as the base material, with other additives, carriers, binders together with the high temperature treatment of solid particles, usually granular or powdery. For example, solid gas particulate fertilizers developed by the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences are sprinkled on the ground surface or buried in a 1--2 cm top soil layer. Under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, carbon dioxide is slowly released by the biochemical and physicochemical effects of soil microorganisms. The disadvantage is that the concentration and amount are not easily controlled. When used, the particles will be evenly buried between the gas and fertilizer, generally 667 square meters for the amount of 40 - 50kg, once input, the release of carbon dioxide is valid for about 60 days, 40 days after application, the greenhouse concentration of carbon dioxide in the shed reaches 1000ml/cubic meter. The maximum concentration of carbon dioxide reaches 2000ml/m3. 1.7 The solid carbon dioxide fertilization method utilizes solid carbon dioxide, ie, dry ice, to absorb heat at room temperature and sublime into gas to fertilize. Dry ice storage and transportation conditions are strict and are generally applied in seedbeds. The human body should not touch dry ice during use to avoid cold damage. 2. Fertilizer application period, time and concentration In terms of vegetables, the effect of previous application of carbon dioxide was better. The seedling stage can be started after the true leaves, and the application effect before the flower bud differentiation is the best, and it is planted to the fruit set. Before the application is not appropriate, the results of the period of application, for melons, solanaceous vegetables, suitable for female flowering, flowering, the initial application of results, so the period of plant carbon dioxide absorption increased dramatically. 2.2 The time is generally sunny and open in the morning after 0.5h. Cloudy or light cloudy days can be postponed by 1h. In the winter (November to February), the carbon dioxide fertilization time is approximately 9:00 am. The northeast region can be postponed, and the spring and autumn seasons can be appropriately advanced. The application was stopped 0.5 h before the release of air. It is better to apply no less than 2 hours each time. 2.3 Concentration of carbon dioxide Fertilizer concentration should be considered from crops, seasons, growing seasons, growth conditions, weather conditions, fertilizer and water management levels. Generally, the amount of carbon dioxide should be gradually increased with the increase of light and temperature. The general concentration is 1000--1300 ml/m3 in sunny days and 500--1000 ml/m3 in cloudy days. It is generally not suitable for use during low temperature periods. 3. Precautions 1 Carbon dioxide fertilization should be matched with other measures. During the day, increase the room temperature by 2–3°C and cool it by 1–2°C overnight to prevent leggy. Increase soil and air humidity. Increase P, K fertilizer and so on. 2 prevent stems and leaves from growing. 3 to prevent high concentrations of carbon dioxide gas poisoning, production control in the following 1600ml/cubic meters more secure. 4 Carbon dioxide gas fertilization to maintain continuity, generally two times before and after the interval does not exceed one week. At the same time, when the fertilization is over, do not stop abruptly and slowly reduce it to prevent premature aging. China Agricultural Network Editor