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The latest rice breeding technology in the world
The following are some of the latest rice breeding techniques introduced in the world: 1. High-yielding rice breeding research At present, China's annual hybrid rice cultivation area accounts for 51% of the total rice cultivation area, and production accounts for about 60% of the total rice production. Rice generally has more than 20% increase in yield potential compared with hybrid rice. The use of rice subspecies hybridization advantage is the strategic focus of the current stage, and the second-line hybrid rice research has made a breakthrough. In the long-term, a series of hybrid rice breeding using apomictic breeding is promising, and its theoretical and technical aspects have been established. At present, the research results of China's "super rice," "engineered hybrid rice," or transgenic hybrid rice and its transformation into production practices will make even greater contributions to increasing grain production. 2. Research on breeding of insect-resistant rice The researchers at Cornell University in the United States have obtained an insect-resistant gene from potato that has been modified so that it can be effectively expressed in rice. That is, the synthesis of a protein can interfere with several pests including aphids ( Eating of larvae). This achievement laid the foundation for the creation of a new type of insect-resistant transgenic rice, and it is expected that after several years, the commercialization of this "residue-resistant rice" will likely increase the world's rice production by 50%, and provide farmers with insect-resistant genes. "Engineering rice" seeds are promising. Third, disease resistance in rice breeding research disease is one of the important factors of rice production. It has been reported in foreign countries that between 11% and 30% of rice plants infected with rice blast fungus (a fungal pathogen) from 1975 to 1990 caused crop granules to fail. US researchers found that a yeast pheromone could prevent rice blast fungus-infected plants. This pheromone suppresses the growth of specific cells of the fungus, appressorium (ie, a member of fungal spores), which is a key factor in inducing diseases in rice host cells. In this way, "pheromones" can be applied directly to disease prevention in rice plants, but their production costs are high and their viability is short. Therefore, it is possible to cultivate pheromone-containing plants through genetic engineering techniques. It has also been found that epiphytic microorganisms on the leaf surface of plants can produce pheromones and further research is needed. Gene technology to control rice diseases is one of the research directions. The International Rice Research Institute has selected four different rice blast resistance genes to be added to the same rice variety through molecular marker-assisted selection and obtained a broad-spectrum blast resistance material, which is to build disease-resistant genetically modified crops. The research direction is expected to achieve this disease-resistant genetically modified rice crop within five years. Fourth, salt-tolerant rice breeding research The purpose of this study is: 1, so that the new salt-tolerant rice can adapt to saline-alkali cultivation. 2, in the shortage of fresh water can make full use of seawater irrigation. Reports of crops such as salt-tolerant tomatoes, melons, and barley have been reported abroad. Salt-tolerant rice grown by the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom can thrive in Daejeon, but the complexity of adjusting salt content in Daejeon must be seen. Salt-tolerance rice genetic engineering research is quite active in the United Kingdom. Researchers use the genes of salt-tolerant rice to plant rice and cultivate salt-tolerant rice. They can absorb small amounts of salt and can be stored in cells without affecting crop growth. It is expected that Seeds after 8 generations of propagation (ie, 8 harvests) can be used for commercialization. This kind of "engineering rice" can be used on the one hand in abandoned saline-alkali lands. On the other hand, it can gradually absorb the saline-alkali components of the soil and thus improve the soil. V. Disaster-Resistant Rice Breeding Research Relief and typhoon disasters pose a threat to rice production. In order to prevent disasters such as floods, typhoon, and weeds from harming rice crops, basic or applied research has made gratifying progress. IRI researchers found a flood-tolerant gene from low-yielding flood-resistant rice and transplanted it into high-yield tropical rice. Finally, rice paddy-resistant rice lines were produced, and their yield was higher than that of high-yield tropical rice. The "engineering rice" still survived the submergence. During this time, field weeds were drowned. The institute has also cultivated another new rice variety resistant to glutinous rice. The trial planting in Thailand may increase the yield of rice by 3 to 4 times than that of the existing rice. VI. Research on Improved Rice Quality In the mid-1980s, the U.S. successfully produced high-protein maize transgenic plants with 40% to 45% seed protein content, which is comparable to that of soybean. At the same time, a new rice product with 10% higher protein content and higher lysine content than normal rice is also cultivated. In China, in order to improve rice quality, researchers from Hunan Normal University introduced wild oat DNA into rice and selected a new “maize-rice†variety. After many years of cultivation, the variety had high yield, high rice quality, and appropriate ripening period. With the characteristics of moderate leaf size, the supply of new rice seeds will not be sufficient after the expansion in Hunan. To make rice healthier, a plant company in California in the United States has used genetic engineering technology for the first time to construct a rice protein that can produce human proteins. That is, rice contains an anti-trypsin human protein that can be used to The treatment of hepatic disease causes bleeding, and the harvested "engineering rice" seeds can germinate and continue to multiply and expand reproduction. People call this seed derived from "engineering rice" "functional rice" and use it as a staple food to open up the most economical way for health food therapy.