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Non-pollution cultivation techniques of autumn green beans
First, choose a suitable area. Legumes are sensitive to gas pollution, they are vulnerable to harmful gases, and they absorb more hydride than other vegetables. They should choose to stay away from “three wastes†polluted environment, and require lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and fluoride in the soil. Nitrate and nitrite are not exceeded, and the irrigation water meets the (agricultural irrigation water quality standard) environment for planting. The most suitable area for the cultivation of green beans in the pollution-free autumn is the area with an average temperature of 16-18°C in July; the suitable area is the area with the average temperature of 18-20°C in July; the less suitable area is the area with the average temperature of 20-21°C in July. The average temperature in October is not lower than 9.5°C. Second, the choice of species. According to local consumption habits, select the high-yield, high-quality, medium-light, and heat-resistant varieties that are marketable. For example, Guizhou Guiyang Green Rod Beans, Guiyang White Rod Beans, and Large Green Rod Beans performed well, and several varieties had strong growth potentials, thick flesh, round and soft, no gluten, good quality, and good heat resistance. Guiyang green beans, green beans and green beans are green, about 20 centimeters long, autumn cultivation yield 1600-1800 kg/mu; Guiyang white rod beans tender green, about 22 centimeters long, the output is more expensive than Guiyang, The green barley beans are slightly taller, about 2000 kg/mu. Third, soil selection and fertilization. The requirements of soil conditions of green beans are higher than those of other beans. Therefore, in the autumn cultivation, the soil with deep soil layer, strong water retention and fertility, and convenient drainage and irrigation of neutral or slightly acidic soil are favorable for root growth and rhizobial life. Reduce pests and diseases. Because Rhizobium leguminosa is not as good as other legume crops, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers must be applied. Generally, organic fertilizer is applied to 2000-2500 kg/mu, superphosphate 30 kg/mu, and vegetation ash 100 kg/mu. It is not suitable to apply excessive nitrogen fertilizer, to disable urban waste fertilizer, and to avoid heavy metal pollution. Appropriate amounts of lime should be applied to acidic soils. Fourth, timely sowing. Green beans are not tolerant of frost and are afraid of high temperatures. Therefore, the cultivation of sowing in the fall should be controlled to avoid the hottest period, and flowering and scabbing should be the principle of ending growth before the early frost. In the regions with an average temperature of 20-21°C in July, the sowing date is suitable from June 25 to July 5. In the region with an average temperature of 18-20°C in July, the sowing date is suitable for June 15-25; 7 The region with an average monthly temperature of 16-18°C is suitable for sowing on June 5-15. Live 3-4 seeds per hole, seed 3 kg/mu, seedlings transplanting 2 kg/mu. Fifth, rational close planting. The growth period of autumn green beans is shorter than that of spring green beans, the growth potential is weaker, and the number of back branches is less. Appropriately increasing the planting density is beneficial to increase the yield. The width of the cabin is 76cm, and the plant is 2 rows. The spacing between the rows is 43cm and 33cm. The paddy field is planted with a high compartment, the width of the trench is 43cm and the depth is 17-22cm. After the emergence of each hole, 2-3 seedlings will be planted, about 6,000 plants/mu. Sixth, field management 1, cultivation fertilizer. Top dressing should be done in combination with cultivator weeding. In autumn, the top-dressing beans should be cultivated before flowering, and after flowering, the principle of re-applying during the blooming season should be from light to thick, usually 3 times. The first time in the seedling stage, the manure and manure water was composted and the 3rd and 30% of the manure water were applied in the second and third time respectively during the period of pod flooding and late growth, and superphosphate 10 kg/mu was added. During droughty days, pay attention to watering and drought. For excessively prosperous or poorly ventilated plots, old leaves, yellow leaves or excessive leaves may be removed to increase the scarring rate and reduce the deformity. 2, instant scaffolding. When the string beans start to be rancid, they must be erected in a timely manner to guide the vines, framed by adults, in order to facilitate ventilation and light, and promote flowering and scab. The introduction of vines should be carried out in the afternoon so as to prevent the vine stems from being hydrated and easily broken. VII. Pest control. Cultivation of autumn green beans: Diseases mainly include rust, anthracnose, and root rot; pests mainly include soybean meal and bean curd. It should be combined with agricultural measures and chemical control. 1. Disease prevention and control. (1) Agricultural control: Use disease-free seed or seed disinfection, soak it in warm water of 45°C for 15 minutes before sowing, or use Seed's thiram or carbendazim in seed amount of 0.3%. More than 3 years of rotation with non-legume crops, close planting, rational fertilization, and field management. (2) Control of chemicals: spray rust 20% of triadimefon WP 1600 times, or 15% of triadimefon WP 1000 times, or 50% of sulfur suspension 600 times. Anthrax is sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, or 70% thiophanate 500 times, or 80% anthraquinone WP WP 800 times. Root rot The stems were sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000-fold or 50% carbendazim 1000-fold. Spraying once every 5-7 days in the initial stage of disease, spraying twice, can effectively control the disease. 2, pest control. Both pods and legumes are larvae. The high-temperature and damp bean sprouts cause serious damage, and high-temperature dry soybean meal occurs greatly. Control methods: remove insects and larvae in time, set up a black light on the beans, and seduce adult worms. From the early flowering stage to the flowering stage, use 1000 times of Bt emulsion, or 5% of Sodium Chloride 2000 times, or 5% of Regent suspension concentrate 17-25 ml of water plus 70 kg/acre, or 2.5% enemy killed 3000 times. Or 50% phoxim EC 1000 times spray buds, tender pods, control 1 times. Eight, timely harvest. In autumn, the beans from sowing to harvesting take about 60 days, the harvesting period is generally about 25 days, and pesticide safety intervals are strictly enforced during harvesting. Source: Agricultural Technology Service