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Joint land preparation and mechanization technology
The new type of joint-sited soil preparation machinery can be used to complete operations such as turning land, rotary tillage, stubbing, and ridging at one time, which can increase efficiency by two times and reduce operating costs by 20%. Moreover, after comminution and returning to the field, soil organic matter content can be increased and soil structure can be improved. It plays a role in fertilizing land and improving grain. To implement this technology, the key to mastering and applying the key points of technical implementation and mechanical operation procedures is to provide a reliable guarantee for the quality of the project, improving the operating efficiency, and prolonging the service life of the work tools. First, the technical implementation of the main points 1, select the appropriate operating site mechanical deep cutting off the joint preparation of soil should be selected slope below 6 degrees, the area should be greater than 0.33hm2, ridge length of 50m or more, there are fewer stones in the ground, the diameter is not More than 2cm, the ridge distance is between 50~70 cm. 2. Soil preparation conditions In order to ensure the quality of mechanical soil preparation, the height of corn or sorghum stubble should be controlled between 15 and 18 cm. The maximum height cannot exceed 20 cm. The soil needs to contain a certain amount of cellulose and organic matter, but not as much as possible. According to the requirements of the agronomic department, returning straw to the field once a year, and returning the land to about 1/3 of the yield, too much will directly affect the cultivation of the next crop and the development of its roots, destroying the structure of the soil. Causes a reduction in crop production. 3. The best operation period is to select suitable corn for operation or to keep sorghum in green. During this period, the root pods contain more sugar and more water and are easily chopped. Therefore, it is best to choose the autumn job. 4, the soil moisture should be suitable for soil moisture content of 18% to 20% when the best work, with the naked eye, the surface of about 1cm dry soil, too dry, too wet will affect the quality of the work. 5. Inspection of the quality standards The length of the smashed stalk or culm should be controlled below 5 cm, and no more than 5 roots entrenched within 5 m of the extension line should be greater than or equal to 5 m. Standing or missing cuts do not exceed 1% of the total number of roots. 2 Working depth: The depth of operation of small and medium-sized deep-soiled joint planers should reach 13~15cm; the depth of operation of large-scale deep-removal joint planers should reach 15~20cm. 3 The rate of soil fragmentation should be greater than 98%, hard soil blocks with a diameter greater than 2cm should not exceed 5%, and crushed soil and soil should be uniformly mixed. 4 Ridge height: The depth of earthing of working parts should reach 60%, and the ridge height should reach 15~18cm. 6. Operating efficiency Small and medium-sized operating machinery daily operating time 8h, the amount of work completed should reach 2 ~ 3.3hm2. The daily operating volume of large-scale working machinery is not less than 6.7hm2. One autumn job is not less than 25 days, and spring time is not less than 15 days. Based on this production efficiency, the number of work machines required can be calculated according to the planned work area. 7. Rotary cultivating knife and stubbing blade equipped with a set of blades should be replaced about 40hm2 for small and medium-sized working machinery operations; a set of blades should be replaced for large-scale operational machinery operations with 80hm2 or so to ensure the quality of operations. Second, the mechanical operation procedures 1, power locomotive technology state Power locomotive must have enough power, technology state is intact. 2. The installation adjustment of the machine tools must be strictly in accordance with the requirements of the instructions. It is necessary to add gear oil and butter. 3. If the power machine is in test run, whether it is flexible to move the working parts by hand or not, and then use the small throttle to idle for half an hour, check whether the components are overheated, oil spilled or abnormal. Confirm that there is no problem before you can work in the ground. 4. Correct operation 1 The power output shaft should be combined when the implement falls into the horizontal direction, so that the working part is rotated, and then the throttle is increased, and the operation tool is slowly dropped. 2 The power should be cut off before working to the ground, then the farm implements should be raised and then turn. 3 Strictly control the speed of work. Small and medium-sized tractors should use 1-2 stops. Large tractors (above 50 hp) can use 2-3 gears. 5. Regularly check the operation to check whether the bolts of each department are loose, and replace the bent, broken and damaged blades in time. 6. Leak-proof cultivating plots where the animal's power is ridiculed, because the uneven ridge distance is easy to leak, it is possible to prevent the cultivator from leaking by installing a few blades on the working machine. 7. Timely maintenance of the equipment Every operation of two shifts shall be carried out once for maintenance. Check the blades and tighten the bolts; check whether there is oil leakage or lack of oil so that they can be added in time.