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Ophiopogon cultivation technology
Ophiopogon japonicus was selected to be wild in the mountain forest, next to the gully stream, and on the hillside grass. It is warm and humid. Should choose to be cultivated in sandy loam soil (without continuous cropping). Lime-cement construction waste does not grow well and can even die. The light requirements of the product vary depending on the species or variety. For example, the resistance of the ancestors is strong, and the yields of the cultivars in the open field and under the forest are not much different. The broad-leaved Ophiopogon japonicus and the Ophiopogon japonicus are exposed in the open field. It is suitable for cultivation, but the seedling stage requires the conditions of dampness. After the root formation, full lighting conditions are needed to increase the yield. Ophiopogon japonicus is well-developed and the land should be ploughed deeply to loosen the soil so that the root system can stretch. Generally deep plowing 23 to 26 centimeters, from the sorghum, sorghum width 132 ~ 165 cm, sulcus width 33 to 39 cm, in order to facilitate drainage irrigation. Before composting, compost, manure, and turf mud are used as base fertilizers. Propagation methods: Breeding of the ramets: From the Qingming to the beginning of May, select Ophiopogon japonicus plants that are robust, disease-free, and have no young leaves as seedlings. After digging the earth, Ophiopogon dig soil, cut the roots and fibrous roots, and cut off some of the rhizomes, leaving them 2 to 3 cm long. The section is white and the leaves are not scattered. At the same time, the leaves are cut to about 1/3 and then divided into individual plants. Seedlings before planting are soaked with fresh water for 10-15 minutes, so that they can absorb enough water to take root. When planting with seed soaking, if it cannot be planted in time, select a cool place for planting. The planting period varies from place to place. Guangxi is planted between the spring equinox and the Ching Ming period. The planting density differs depending on the variety. Broad-leaved Ophiopogon japonicus, Ophiopogon japonicus, etc. were opened at 16.513.2 cm with 1 to 2 plants per hole. Step by step grass by 13.213.2 cm open hole, each hole 3 to 4 seedlings cluster planting. The depth of about 3.3 cm, the soil compaction, so that the seedlings straight and stable. After the watering. The simultaneous planting of peanuts or soybeans after the cultivation of Ophiopogon japonicus is one of the measures to increase the yield of Ophiopogon. Because leguminous crops grow fast, they can meet the shading conditions required for seedlings of Miaodong, and at the same time, they can increase soil nitrogen and promote good growth. When Ophiopogon required sufficient sunlight during the expansion of the roots after October, the crops were harvested and did not affect each other. Field management watering, weeding: Within two weeks after planting, watering is often done to keep the soil moist and ensure the seedlings are fully grown. From May to July, the seedlings of O. japonicus grew slowly and the weeds grew. The topsoil should be used to remove weeds. Top dressing: After planting half a month and returning green, immediately apply thin human excrement or ammonium sulfate rushing seedlings. From June to August, when Ophiopogon japonica is in the tillering and flowering period, fecal urine is applied once a month to promote more labor. Inter-planted peanuts, after harvesting in August, spread peanuts between leaves and rows, which can keep the soil moist and can be used as fertilizer. When combining the cut roots in early September, apply salt and turf mud (0.75 kg of salt per 50 kg) to the ditch, covering about 5 cm. In late September, 3% saline solution is poured once every 10 to 15 days, and 50 kg of lime per acre is applied. The water is poured into the roots. During the expansion of roots from October to November, in addition to suitable nitrogen fertilizers, the main application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the second year before the beginning of spring single application of grass ash or turf mud, in order to promote root growth, increase production. Cut fibrous roots, exposed sun: observed through trials and production practices, Guangxi cultivated broad-leaved fibrous roots grow in the early stage of the growth of fibrous roots to form a small number of roots and a small, generally 5 to 10 knots each. In some areas, the old fibrous roots are removed in the autumn, allowing them to regenerate new roots, which can expand to form roots. For the removal of one fibrous root, 60 to 80 roots of lumps are included in each pod, and 100 to 120 ribs are cut on both sides. The size of the fibrous roots is about twice as large as that of non-cut roots. Specific practices: In early September, dig the soil on both sides of Ophiopogon japonicus to expose the fibrous roots, then cut off the fibrous roots with a spatula or a knife 3.3 centimeters from the root, expose the sun 1 to 2 days (in the hot sun under the sun for a long time Can). In order to increase the yield of Ophiopogon, in addition to taking root-cutting measures, it is also necessary to cooperate with topdressing of salt fertilizer, turf mud, and lime in order to promote root formation and growth. The harvesting process will be harvested 2 to 3 years after harvesting, and the harvest period will be from mid-April to early May. Select sunny days to dig Ophiopogon japonicus, remove the roots of the soil, cut the roots and fibrous roots, wash the soil that is processed. The processing method varies from place to place. For example, in Sichuan, the washed roots are exposed on the drying table or in the drying area. After the water is dried, the two sides are used (not to break the skin) and then dried. , Repeat 5 to 6 times, until the main root to go, wait for dry after the oats into the goods. Can also wash the roots on the drying ware on the sun for 3 to 5 days, the fibrous roots gradually from soft to hard on the basket after put 2 to 3 days, and then turn the sun 3 to 5 days, and often flip, in order to facilitate uniform drying . This repeated 3 to 4 times, the root dryness of 70%, you can cut fibrous roots, and then drying to dry. If using fire bake, the temperature is 40 °C ~ 50 °C is appropriate, a total of 2 times: the first bake 15 to 20 hours, put a few days and then baked to dry. After drying, remove the fibrous roots. The goods are dry, free of mud, no impurities and fibrous roots; no white, no damage and insects.