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First, implement the rotation down
According to the requirements of different vegetable crops, replanting at a certain interval, it is best to carry out paddy-upland rotations, such as cultivating a season of rice after culturing peppers or planting lotus roots for aquatic vegetables. Rotation is effective in preventing soil-borne diseases.
Second, using grafted planting
The use of resistant (resistance) disease rootstock grafting planting, improve the disease resistance of vegetables. Watermelon, cucumber, tomato, and eggplant are often harmed by deadly diseases such as verticillium wilt, blight, root rot, and bacterial wilt. Once the disease occurs, they face absolute production and change. Grafting can well prevent the occurrence of these diseases. It is determined that the incidence of grafted watermelon, cucumber, tomato and eggplant diseases is zero, while the incidence of non-grafted watermelon planted in 3 years is 90%, cucumber cultivation is 3 to 5 years. After the incidence of 30% to 50%.
Third, soilless cultivation
Instead of soil, use nutrient solution to plant vegetables. Using this method of water-saving fertilizer, high yield, good quality, pollution-free pollution, rapid production, good efficiency, can fundamentally solve the problem of soil-borne diseases, especially for industrial production. Soilless cultivation is not subject to geographical restrictions and is widely used in the production of various vegetables, but the technical requirements are more stringent.
IV. Disinfection of pharmaceuticals
After the vegetables in the greenhouse were unloaded, disinfection of the shed was also effective. Such as the control of fungal diseases can be used 30% soil bacteria eliminate 500 ~ 800 times liquid spray; can also be used root rot or rather hymexazol 500 ~ 1000 times spray or by 3 ~ 5 kg per acre mixed with appropriate amount of fine soil uniform Submission. For the control of bacterial wilt, such as bacterial wilt and soft rot, 80% aqueous chloramphenicol solution, 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000-5000 times solution, or collaborative ammoniacal copper spray can be used. Soil disinfection with these agents should be performed before sowing.
Fifth, high temperature stuffy shed
High-temperature stuffy shed is a cost-effective method to prevent vegetables from picking up diseases. It uses high-temperature solar energy to disinfect and sterilize. The specific method is the high temperature period from June to September every year, generally from early July to late August. The cost is low, the pollution is small, the operation is simple, and the effect is good. Use the interval between the two crops, or combine soil preparation with fertilizing, and kill the bacteria in the organic fertilizer. Follow these steps:
One is to fertilize the soil. Combining fine-field preparation with farmyard fertilizers can increase and maintain the ground temperature, resulting in better disinfection. After the land is well-grounded, it can be ridged or leveled to create a certain space between the film and the ground, which will help increase the ground temperature.
The second is irrigation. The soil water content is closely related to the disinfection effect. The high water content is not conducive to increasing the ground temperature, the water content is too low, and the sterilization effect is not good. The sterilization effect is best when the maximum water holding capacity in the field is 60%.
The third is drug treatment. Inject chloropicrin into the iliac crest, dig a hole (10 to 15 cm deep) for every 50 square centimeters, inject 4 ml per hole, and then cover the mulch. Before spraying the greenhouses, a bactericide and insecticide are sprayed on the surfaces of the sheds.
The fourth is to close the greenhouse and use double-layer covering with a greenhouse film and a plastic film. It has been determined that the temperature in the greenhouse during the dreary period can reach 52°C or more, and the maximum temperature at 10 cm below the surface can reach 70°C, and the temperature at 20 cm can reach 45°C. The sterilization rate can reach 80% or more. Most pathogens such as sclerotinia, blight, verticillium wilt, epidemic and Other pathogens are not resistant to heat and can be killed after about 10 days of heat treatment, while soil-borne diseases such as root rot, clubroot disease, and blight disease, etc. Distributed in deeper soil layers, it must be processed for 30-50 days to get better results.
In short, we must determine the time of disinfection and sterilization in the ditch with the heat resistance of the crops in the shed and the corresponding pathogens. Using greenhouse high-temperature sterilization methods, the disinfection effect can last for two years.
Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy Vegetable Diseases in Greenhouses
With the development of greenhouse production, a variety of shed vegetables have brought obvious economic benefits to farmers. However, after many years of use of sheds, various diseases, especially soil-borne diseases, have become increasingly serious and have become an important issue in the production of shed vegetables. In order to solve the problem, it is advisable to adopt comprehensive measures for the treatment of severe delirium. Specific measures include: