Winter wheat precautions against cold spells

"Cold spring" refers to the lower temperature in the late spring than in normal years. In meteorology, after a frequent attack by relatively strong cold air, the warmer and cooler temperature drops, and the pre-warm and after-cooling that lasted for more than 1-2 weeks is known as late spring.

Spring cold has little effect on wheat, but late spring has a greater impact on wheat. In the late spring, when the wheat comes up and the jointing period begins, the cold resistance of wheat has been severely reduced and it is prone to frost damage. The more late the spring spell, the more severe the damage of wheat is. If the surface temperature drops below 0°C during the cold wave, the frost phenomenon is more serious. In frost-freezing wheat fields, the leaves may be soaked in boiling water. After sun exposure, they gradually dry up. In severe cases, some of the earlets shrink and eventually die. Therefore, it must be highly regarded and preventive measures must be prepared in advance from now on.

First, pay attention to the weather forecast

Always pay close attention to the weather forecast, and formulate detailed plans for dealing with possible cold weather.

Second, strengthen the management of wheat

1. For Wang Miao with more than 900,000 acre stems, if it is a wheat field that belongs to a weak winter variety, it is most afraid of a “cold spring”. Can take the following measures: (1) timely suppression and planning, inhibiting the growth of the ground too fast, to avoid premature jointing. The repression time is controlled at a temperature of 3°C or more. From noon to 5:00 pm, the ridge pressure is generally not to be excessively fast; small plots can be paralyzed, and attention should be paid to shallow and fine moths. -3 times. (2) Fields with prosperous tendencies after repression and planing can be applied with growth regulators. Mu with 15% paclobutrazol (30 grams), spraying 25-30 kg of water on the leaves, avoid leakage or heavy spraying. For the weak growth after repression and planing, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acid or humic acid foliar fertilizers, and plant growth regulators such as Tianfengsu, Zhuangfengan or Shuofeng 481 can be sprayed during the period of growth. Promotes robust growth of plants and improves stress resistance. Foliar spray fertilizer can be combined with disease prevention and pest control. (3) After entering April, if there is a cold winter, before the advent of the cold current, it is best to spray special antifreeze foliar fertilizer, timely watering, combined with watering topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer. Individual plots can be firewood, smoke, and cold in the upper air outlet.

2. Strongly growing first- and second-class wheat seedlings (referring to 700,000-900,000 acre stems, 3.5 seedlings per mu, and 600,000-700,000 mu per stem, 2.4 per plant) seedling). It is necessary to strictly control the prosperous growth of individual wheat and the expansion of the group. The number of mu stems does not exceed 1.2 million when it is jointed. The following measures can be taken: (1) After the return of green, the squeaking and sculpting can be carried out in a timely manner to raise the squat, delay the pouring or not return to the Qingshui. (2) It is best to move the first spring water to the beginning of April, according to the weather forecast before the onset of the cold wave, combined with watering, supplement the appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus quick-acting fertilizer, spraying foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulators.

3. The following three types of seedlings, ie, weak seedlings with less than 1.5 seedlings per mu and less than 1.5 seedlings per plant, should seize the opportunity for temperature rise, apply water as early as possible, promote early return to greening, grow new roots early, and give birth to new ones. Ensure enough panicles. Before the cold current comes, combined with watering, can add appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus quick-effect fertilizer. (1) General field plots, sandy land wheat fields, and wheat fields where defertilization occurs should all pay close attention to irrigation after wheat returns green, apply urea at the same time, 5-7 kilograms per mus, and timely plunge after pouring to remove the compaction. (2) For abnormal seedlings, such as "Jiaomiao", "Little old seedlings", "Yellow seedlings", etc., analyze the causes, use spring time, promote seedling growth, and cultivate strong and resistant to cold. For soil compaction, poor air permeability, thin soil layer, poor fertility, or shortage of phosphorus and potassium, “freezing seedlings” and “small old seedlings” can be used to loosen the topsoil, remove compaction, ditch water and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; Yellow seedlings due to lack of seedlings or lack of fertilizer should also make up the fertilizer. Before the advent of the cold current, in addition to strengthening watering and fertilizing, spray 1% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to prevent freezing and freezing.

Third, frozen wheat fields to strengthen the recovery

1. If there is no timely watering and watering before freezing, generally use available nitrogen fertilizer, combined with 7-10 kg/mu urea.

2. For foliar spray fertilizers that have been sprayed with water but still have frost damage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or special foliar fertilizers can be sprayed, and plant growth regulators such as Tianfengsu, Zhuangfengan or Shuofeng 481 can be used. Some novel plant leaf cell membrane stabilizers such as Zhuangmiaoling can also be used to relieve frozen cells and restore their growth.

3. Frozen wheat fields are more susceptible to pests and diseases, should be promptly prevented and controlled, for wheat sheath blight, powdery mildew and rust, can be used 20% triadimefon EC 1500 times, or 40% carbendazim 1000 times spray. For aphids 10% imidacloprid 2000 times, combined with the above spray fertilizer, so that "one spray and three defenses" to reduce losses.

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