In the rapid development of China's aquaculture industry, the continuous expansion of intensive aquaculture, and a significant increase in production, it also has a negative impact - a serious pollution of aquaculture water. Aquaculture water pollution is caused by human aquaculture activities, the secretion and excretion of the cultured animals themselves, and excessive food and other factors. The balance of water quality factors is imbalanced, which promotes the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and causes frequent occurrence of various aquatic diseases: 1. Eutrophication of water causes favorable algae growth to be replaced by poisonous algae growth, altering algal populations, increasing water toxicity, severe fluctuations in dissolved oxygen in water, and concurrence of fish diseases. 2. The enrichment and adsorption of heavy metals affect the growth of aquatic organisms. For example, water is contaminated by heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, etc.) and other toxic substances (such as chlorides, arsenides, nitrites, etc.) and can easily cause various Poisoning and disease. 3. The environment is damaged, the hydration factor changes, the water body deteriorates, and the growth of fish and the quality of fish products are affected. Aquaculture water pollution types and sources Aquaculture's own pollution: water pollution caused by improper nutrition regulation, due to the unity of feeding feed, nutrient elements in the feed is not complete, the bait coefficient is high, the food intake is reduced, resulting in excessive residual bait, affecting the growth of fish, easily causing infection Sexual and nutritional diseases. With the increase of breeding density, the increase of feeding amount, and the overload of water body, the excess of bait in breeding production produces a large amount of nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus, the eutrophication of water bodies, the explosive growth of harmful algae, and the daily difference of dissolved oxygen in water bodies. Large, easy to lack of oxygen; In addition, the imbalance of nutrients, species of cultured ammonia, nitrogen excretion is too much, the effective absorption of phosphorus is low, etc. are caused by improper nutrition. Abuse of drugs: The scale and area of ​​breeding continue to expand, and the disease epidemic is becoming more and more serious. At present, the lag in the prevention and control of aquatic disease and the lack of knowledge of farmers in the use of drugs have caused most farmers to not be able to prescribe the right medicine, and cannot carefully analyze the causes and abuse of low-cost, highly residual various antibiotics, chemical raw materials. This will not only be ineffective in the treatment of fish diseases, but will bring serious pollution and toxic effects, so that bacteria, viruses and other drug resistance and a large number of reproduction, spread of the disease, affecting the quality of aquatic products. Although some drugs may play a role in curing diseases, they cause serious pollution of the water, and to a large extent destroy the microecological balance in aquatic environments and aquaculture species, so that the cultured objects lose some normal physiological barriers and biological antagonism, and the pathogens are prone to reproduce. The quality of fish products cannot meet the standards of healthy breeding. Exogenous pollution: Wastewater from industrial and agricultural production, domestic wastewater, and wastes are often discharged directly into rivers, lakes, and seas without treatment, becoming one of the major causes of pollution of fishery waters. The turbidity caused by iron, manganese, and hydroxide suspensions in domestic sewage, although not causing direct damage, can reduce the transparency of the water, reduce solar radiation, limit the normal activities of fish and feeding; the organic matter in domestic sewage is enriched, The eutrophication of water leads to anoxic floating heads in fish. Industrial wastewater is devastating to fishery pollution. Sulfides in paper mills can kill dead fish. The toxic effects of products and raw materials of pesticide plants are relatively large. Wastewater from thermal power plants is the main source of thermal pollution, which causes water temperature to rise and fish populations to change. Or death; Electroplating and other industries produce cyanide-containing waste water, synthetic detergents and other waste water have serious harm. Contamination of toxic substances: various toxic substances in the water body, such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen and other harmful substances in feed pollution, and toxic substances such as cyanide, chromium, copper, detergents, etc. in industrial pollution will affect aquatic organisms to varying degrees after entering the water body. . If the concentration is too high, aquatic organisms will be quickly and directly killed. When the concentration is low, they will first be concentrated in the organism, and the transformation will cause harm. Pathogenic microbial contamination: Due to the unreasonable culture management mode in the breeding process, such as long-term no dredging, heavy feeding of fresh baits, excessive stocking density, and overloaded aquaculture capacity, the organic matter content in the sediment is too high, and pathogenic microorganisms multiply. Causes pollution. For example, among parasite diseases, protozoa such as spores and flagellae, which mainly rely on organic bacteria, reproduce in large quantities; among viral diseases, shrimp that mainly include white spot syndrome are popular in cultures such as Penaeus vannamei and Japanese shrimp. Viruses; In bacterial diseases, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, etc., cause direct or indirect damage to aquaculture animals; pathogenic microorganisms directly cause diseases, and together with the drug contamination brought about during the treatment process, destroy the water body and endanger the fish. Aquatic water pollution prevention and control measures Aquiculture water body's own regulation and control: self-regulation can be determined by rationally determining the breeding scale and breeding methods to prevent aquaculture from causing excessive self-contamination of aquaculture water, and taking comprehensive consideration of nutrient levels, drug contamination, sediment silt status and other factors for prevention and control. First of all, conduct comprehensive research and evaluation on the status of aquaculture water pollution, self-purification of water bodies, safety concentrations of various toxic and hazardous substances, maximum allowable concentrations, and discharge standards for domestic and industrial wastewater. Secondly, through nutrition regulation to reduce aquaculture water pollution, reduce water eutrophication, reduce algal blooms caused by eutrophication, changes in algal populations and changes in water environmental factors; improve the utilization of nutrients by aquatic animals, and fully improve nutrition in feed Ingredients, add attractant, increase palatability of feed to increase fish food intake; increase feed water resistance, slow down the speed of water solubility, to prevent bait from being ingested by fish and pollute water quality; pay attention to timely feeding and scientific mixing support. Thirdly, drug pollution in the prevention and control of diseases caused by water production, the scientific use of aquatic drugs, comprehensive analysis of the state of fish, water quality, and the role of drugs, to obtain the correct treatment plan, medication methods. Finally, when the bottom sludge is cleaned and disinfected, the sludge is physically disinfected according to the physical properties of the bottom sludge in order to improve the physicochemical properties of the sediment and restore benthic communities. Bioremediation: Bioremediation is a method to improve the aquaculture water body through the degradation of pollutants in water by microorganisms, plants and other plants and animals, improving the water environment, and maintaining the water ecological balance. Microbial preparations are a widely used bioremediation method in aquaculture. One is a feed microbial additive that is mixed with bait to improve the intestinal microflora of fish and shrimps, improve the digestibility of fish and shrimp, and enhance the immunity of fish and shrimp. More bacteria are lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, yeast, etc.; on the other hand are water microbial regulators to improve water quality, mainly photosynthetic bacteria, spores, nitrifying bacteria. Microbial preparations have improved water quality, increased dissolved oxygen in aquaculture water, reduced ammonia nitrogen content in aquaculture water, inhibited growth of pathogenic bacteria, improved ecological balance of animal water environment, improved disease resistance and immunity of animals, promoted growth of cultured objects, etc. The function is to govern the biological methods of aquaculture polluted waters to be developed in the future. In addition, the purpose of purifying water quality can also be achieved by breeding some fish that are good for purifying water or planting some large aquatic organisms. The rational stocking of squid in aquaculture waters can optimize the structure of plankton populations, effectively curb the production of “bloomsâ€, and large aquatic plants can directly absorb nitrogen and phosphorus from the water layer and sediment, and assimilate into their own structural components. (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) can promote its growth; some plants, such as Eichhornia crassipes, duckweed, reed, etc., are widely used in oxidation ponds and constructed wetlands. Http://Content/101e608a-de7c-42df-8d88-4e666e5b6c59?cType=2
Black tea (dark tea) is named after the black appearance of the finished tea. It is one of the six major tea groups and is a post-fermented tea. The main production areas are Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi and Anhui. The traditional black tea is made from high maturity black wool tea, which is the main raw material for pressing tightly pressed tea.
The yellow powder in black tea is commonly known as golden flower, a beneficial microorganism, the so-called golden flower, is in the processing of raw materials through the flowering of this special procedure, specifically in the black tea bricks to cultivate a kind of coronary aspergillus substance called coronary scattered cystic bacteria, commonly known as the golden flower, observed under the microscope, each individual golden flower is umbrella-shaped clusters, the whole body is golden and eye-catching, ringed into a group, evenly distributed.
Yunnan black tea powder ; Hubei black brick tea powderï¼›Pu'er tea power Shaanxi Zhongyi Kangjian Biotechnology Co.,Ltd , https://www.zhongyibiotech.com
The process of making black tea generally includes four steps: killing, kneading, stacking and drying. Black tea is mainly classified as Hunan black tea (Fu tea, Qianliang tea, black brick tea, Tri-tip, etc.), Hubei green brick tea, Sichuan Tibetan tea (border tea), Anhui Gu Yi black tea (An tea), Yunnan black tea (Pu'er tea), Guangxi Liubao tea and Shaanxi black tea (Fu tea) according to geographical distribution.