Key points of pruning apple trees with different balanced tree vigor

1. Pruning of prosperous trees

When the tree vigorously grows, the vegetative growth is dominant, which will cause insufficient nutrition for flower bud differentiation, which is not conducive to the formation of flower buds. When transforming this kind of trees, the main branch should be “slow”, extending the length of the branches, generally cutting at the weak buds, increasing the angle of the main branches, thinning the back branch group, leaving more lateral branch groups, and cutting the backbone branches around. , Control the transportation of nutrients to promote flower formation.

2. Pruning of weak trees

When the tree grows too weak, it can be re-cut to stimulate its growth. The extension branches should be cut in the middle of the full buds, with strong branches taking the lead, gradually increasing the angle of the extension branches, leaving fewer branches under the back to prevent weakening the growth of the branches, and more branches on the back and on both sides should be left to promote growth.

3. Pruning of partial crown trees

When fruit trees have large branches on one side and small branches on the other side, when partial crown growth occurs, pruning first is to thin the branches under the big branches and thin the flowers on the upper branches; the second is to extend the angle of the big branches and raise the angle of the small branches; the third is to retain more fruits on the large branches. Little branches retain less fruit; fourthly, fertilize less in the direction of large branches and more fertilize in the direction of small branches. It is strictly forbidden to use large cutting and large cutting methods to transform the tree shape.

Key points of pruning apple trees with different balanced tree vigor

4. The pruning of strong and weak trees

This kind of saplings are also common in various apple-producing areas, and they are mostly caused by the rapid fall of the head, the unreasonable angle of the main branch, and the wrong pruning. The main manifestations are: the upper branches grow vigorously, with more shoots, thicker main branches, smaller branch angles, larger branches and leaves, occupying a lot of light and heat resources. Because of the strong vegetative growth, it is difficult to form flowers and fruit; the lower branches grow weaker, the light is poor, and pests and diseases breed, and it is also difficult to form flowers and fruit. The regulation of this type of tree is mainly to restrain the strong and support the weak. The adjustment measures for the upper branches are: thinning out the denser upright branches, removing the large branches and large branches of the branches that are too dense, using weak branches to take the lead; opening the angle of the main branches; pulling part of the annual branches and part of the fruiting branch group from the base The branches droop. Adjustment measures for the lower branches: For the long main branches and some branches, they can be retracted and rejuvenated, using strong branches to take the lead; for some main branches that are too low, they can be removed directly, pay attention to the miter saw to keep piles, and treat the wound in time; for the opening angle If the main branch is too large, hang the branch to raise the branch. The whole tree pays attention to strengthening fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

5. Pruning of strong and weak trees

This type of tree is commonly known as the "card neck tree". Mainly manifested as: the lower main branches are more and the growth is relatively strong, some of the main branches are even thicker than the middle trunk, and the upper branches are weaker. The main contradiction of this type of tree lies in the lower part. Adjustment measures: properly remove 1 to 2 lower main branches; open the angle of the lower main branches; appropriately remove the excessively large branches and the excessively large branches on the lower main branches, and use weak branches to take the lead; comprehensively use pull branches and transfer branches for the lower branches , Take branches, circling cut, cut buds, thinning branches, spraying flowers, and other measures to disperse the polarity and promote the flowering and fruiting of the lower branches; according to the situation, directly remove the middle and upper branches from the lower branches to transform them into a happy shape. Afterwards, pay attention to strengthening fertilizer and water management, and do a good job in the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.

6. Excessive pruning of whorled branches

There are too many whorled branches at the base, usually 4 to 5, causing the fruit tree to "pinch the neck" phenomenon, resulting in a weak center trunk of the fruit tree and affecting the growth of the tree. Solution: For 4 to 5 whorled branches, the lower one can be thinned out, one is retracted, and the remaining 2 to 3 main branches are pressed down and flattened.

7. Pruning of cross branches

The cross branches in the tree body should be retracted with one branch and one branch should be long placed. When the rows are crossed, both rows should be retracted in order to leave a work channel and improve the ventilation and light conditions.

8. Pruning of parallel branches

Parallel branches should be used as much as possible to increase the amount of branches of the tree. When there is no space for apple trees in the full fruit period, one branch should be thinned and one branch should be placed to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree.

9. Pruning of auxiliary branches

In the early stage of fruit tree growth, the auxiliary branches should be pulled and pressed to promote flowers to increase the fruiting amount of the tree. After the results, it should be retracted immediately to avoid baldness at the back, so as to cultivate a compact group of fruiting branches.

10. Pruning of bare branches

When some branches of apple trees have not been cut for several years, they often extend uniaxially, rarely shoot branches, and form a large section of baldness. Due to the limited nutrient area, the fruit growth and development are poor. When pruning these kinds of branches, if there is space, they should be circumscribed to stimulate the buds to germinate to grow the required branches; it can also be retracted in time to stimulate the branches and cultivate a good branch group to expand the area of ​​photosynthesis. If there is no space, it should be thinned out immediately to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree.

11. Pruning of trees that are too tall

The fixed stem height of the apple tree is more than 120 cm, the lower part of the trunk is bare, the growth of the tree is weak, and the shape is late, which is not conducive to early high yield. For this tree, buds should be carved in appropriate parts of the trunk, or belly-attached in appropriate parts.

12. Pruning of trees that are too low

The height of the fixed stem of apple trees is less than 60 cm. The lower part of the trunk is large and strong. The lower shoots are useless and grow very long. The central stem of the tree is not obvious. The quality of the branches on the ground is poor, which affects the formation of the crown. For such trees, the upper branches of the tree should be short to increase the amount of branches; the lower large branches should be stripped and thinned out year by year after the results are obtained to enhance the growth of the upper part of the fruit tree.

13. Pruning of heavy trees

The fruit tree is messy. After a plastic pruning, most of the useless branches are removed, resulting in heavy pruning. The main branches on the trunk are scarred, the tree is weak, and the growth of the leading branches is weak, which affects the growth of the tree and is easy to cause pests and diseases. happened. When pruning this kind of tree, the useless large branches on the trunk can be appropriately thinned out and some are retracted. Use the "continuous three sawing method" to press down a part, and the back branches on the main branch can be thinned out without space, and those with space can be re-cut or flattened.

14. Pruning of trees with too many branches

In production, some fruit growers use flattening in addition to thinning branches in the spindle-shaped tree body shaping, thinning out the useless branches, and all of them are flattened, causing the back branches to grow, and the flattening branches are slow to extend, which affects the expansion of the crown. This method is not correct. The correct method is: the length of the elongated branches in the lower part of the tree is more than 100 cm, and the length of the elongated branches in the upper part is 50-60 cm. For the branches of each part, the length of the branch is reached; the length of the branch is not reached. It is short cut at the full bud, and it can also be allowed to continue to extend freely.

Key points of pruning apple trees with different balanced tree vigor

15. Combination of winter and summer cut

In winter, there are many sparse branches and branches, and the amount of pruning is large. After the growing season, there are many buds near the cutting mouth, resulting in many long and prosperous branches on the back. In addition, the pulling work cannot keep up with it, which will cause winter The vicious cycle of cutting and clearing the chamber, filling the chamber in summer and clearing the chamber in winter, wastes a large amount of nutrients in the tree body, but also delays the fruit. The quality of the fruit is poor, which affects the economic benefits of fruit tree cultivation.

The correct approach is: when the Wangshu winter cuts, the cut should be moderate. Carve buds on the missing branches before budding; wipe off the useless buds at the cutting mouth in mid-to-late April; gird the prosperous auxiliary branches in late May; take the branches to soften the angle from July to August; adjust the angle in autumn The small backbone branches are open at the base, and the over-dense upright branches, leggy branches and competing branches are thinned out.

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