How can vegetables overcome "obstacles" with high temperature and strong light and rain?

For facility vegetables, the high temperature and strong light in summer, long sunshine time, and heavy rainfall in rainy season are not conducive to vegetable growth. Once management measures are not in place, vegetable growth is prone to abnormalities, especially physiological diseases. At present, the over-summer vegetables are entering the fruiting period one after another, and the burden on the plants is increasing. It is a period of high incidence of physiological diseases. I hereby remind vegetable farmers to recognize the symptoms of physiological diseases, understand the causes of the disease, and carry out targeted prevention and control.

Multi-symptoms of yellowing of soil salinized leaves: vegetable leaves turn yellow and smaller, but there is no yellow-green mottled symptoms of viral diseases. After vegetable farmers spray virus agents, they can be relieved but cannot be cured. After soil testing, it was found that the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil was too high; the content of chloride and sodium ions in the soil was too high; the salt content in the soil was also too high, which led to the salinization of the soil. It is found that there are few root systems, stunted growth, and even browning of the root tips, poor overall function of the root system and insufficient nutrient absorption, resulting in yellow and small leaves.

Prevention and control measures: This situation is very common in the past two years. The root cause is soil salinization, and the specific prevention and control measures are soil improvement. The first is to flush the microbial inoculants to increase the content of beneficial bacteria in the soil. Through the action of microorganisms, to promote the secondary absorption of accumulated nutrients in the soil and reduce the soil salt content; the second is to ensure microbial activity. When using microbial inoculants, use chitin in conjunction , Alginic acid, amino acid and other organic nutrients, improve the growth environment of microorganisms, supplement the nutrition of microorganisms, and ensure the activity of microorganisms to give full play to their effects. Then, increase the application of organic fertilizer to improve the soil and promote the formation of soil aggregate structure. Finally, supplement plant nutrition. Through the combination of flushing and spraying, the plant nutrition is supplemented, and the main nutrient fertilizer is used. In addition, when the plant grows weak, the vegetable grower needs to retain less fruit to reduce the burden on the plant.

The frequent occurrence of sunburn causes secondary disease symptoms: sunburn is a phenomenon in which plants are damaged by high temperature. In the hot and dry seasons of summer and autumn, direct sunlight on exposed stems, leaves and fruits can cause burns when the surface temperature reaches above 40℃. Sunburn mostly occurs on the smooth surface of the fruit, and the boundary between disease and health is not obvious at the initial stage, and the diseased part is chlorosis. The fruit is irreversible after burns, and it is easy to be infected by harmful bacteria in the later stage, resulting in secondary diseases.

Prevention measures: High temperature and strong light are the main causes of sunburn. Therefore, the management should focus on avoiding high temperature and strong light in the shed.

Shading and cooling of the shed is necessary. In addition, it is also very effective to leave the leaves reasonably to cover the fruits. As for solanaceous vegetables that often experience sunburn, the fruits can be hidden under the leaves as much as possible by pruning branches and branches, avoiding direct sunlight. Or plant vine vegetables in the shed and let the vines climb onto the steel wire, which can also play a role in covering the fruits. At the same time, it replenishes water and nutrition. When the temperature in the shed is too high and the amount of soil moisture evaporates, you must pay attention to watering in time to ensure adequate water supply for vegetables to avoid sunburn. During the period of fruit expansion, insufficient calcium, boron and other micronutrient elements will also lead to the decline of the light fastness of the peel, which is prone to sunburn. Therefore, the foliar fertilizer containing medium and trace elements should be sprayed or flushed in time to promote the resistance of the fruit to sunburn and reduce the occurrence of sunburn. Fertilizer goes with water, and ensuring proper soil moisture is a key factor to ensure adequate nutrition. At the same time, before the arrival of even cloudy days, vegetable farmers should supplement the trace elements in advance to avoid frequent occurrence of physiological diseases caused by calcium deficiency in vegetables after a long period of cloudy weather.

Symptoms of vegetable wilting: vegetable wilting is caused by imbalanced water supply, but the specific causes of water loss are different. Few roots, damaged roots, root diseases, vascular diseases, etc., which affect water absorption and transportation, will indirectly lead to plant wilting. At the same time, after a long period of cloudy weather, the root system's ability to absorb water is weak, and the plant has a strong transpiration effect. The imbalance of water supply between the two is the cause of acute wilting.

Prevention and treatment methods: The first is wilting caused by poor root functionality. In daily management, vegetable farmers should strengthen root maintenance, ensure balanced nutrition, and choose fertilizers containing functional substances to promote roots and grow roots.

Secondly, weaken the influence of high temperature and strong light. High temperature and strong light in the greenhouse environment, whether it is sudden or long-term, may cause plants to wilt. Therefore, shading and cooling is the key to summer management.

Then it improves plant resistance to stress. There are many adversities in summer and higher requirements for plant growth. Therefore, vegetable farmers should strengthen root and leaf protection in their daily management. Under the condition of normal nutrient supply, adding alginic acid, chitin and amino acid products, spraying on top and flushing on the bottom can improve the stress resistance of plants, especially before high temperature weather comes, which can improve the heat resistance of plants. .

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