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Preparation of Oil from Corn Germ
Corn can be used as a raw material to recover about 8% to 12% of corn germ during the production of corn mash, corn starch or cornstarch sugar, and can be used to obtain corn germ oil and corn germ protein. Corn germ oil can not only be refined into nutritious edible oils and fats such as salad oil and margarine, but also is a high-grade raw material for paints, paints and soap making industry. The deoiled cake contains nutrients rich in protein and can be used as a nutritional supplement for a variety of foods. The process, equipment, and operating techniques for preparing oil from corn germ are almost the same as those for producing oil from other oils. All of them need to be cleaned-->dried-->softened-->rolled embryos-->steamed-->fetched oil --→ refinement and other processes. 1. Clean-up: The corn germ recovered from the corn-based corn meal is mixed with more corn flour, crushed flour, and dander, which needs to be screened with a double shaker. Screen surface mesh, the first layer to remove impurities, with 1.5x1.5 mesh/cm2; the second layer to remove corn flour, crushed leeches and dander, with 4x4 mesh/cm2, if the sieve is still mixed For more embryos, 5x5 mesh/cm2 or 7x7 mesh/cm2 screens can be used to reduce corn embryo loss. The corn germ recovered from the cornstarch is mixed with impurities such as dander and radicle sheath. It needs to be rinsed several times with clear water in a tray or a gutter. If a cyclone separator is provided, the centrifugal effect generated by the swirl can be used. The germ was isolated. 2. Drying: Corn germ recovered in the process of making corn mash and corn starch, after cleaning, contains high moisture, the activity of the enzyme is strong and is easily contaminated by microorganisms, resulting in deterioration and rancidity of the oil, affecting the output of the oil product and Quality, in turn, will reduce the use of cakes. In order to maintain the freshness of the corn germ during storage and transportation, the cleaned corn germ must be immediately dried or dried to a moisture content of 10% or less. 3. Softening: The first process for producing oil from corn germ. In this process, the moisture content of the corn germ is reduced to less than 10% while the heat treatment of the corn germ, and the embryo changes plastically. Softening commonly used hot air dryer or hot steam drum dryer, when the material embryo is softened, it is not suitable for the temperature to rise too fast to prevent premature degeneration of the protein and make the material embryo lose elasticity, thereby affecting the embryo rolling, steaming and oil pressing deal with. 4. Rolling Embryo: After the corn germ is softened, it is rolled into 0.3--0.4mm slices by the roller mill, promotes the destruction of the cell structure, shortens the oil path, and facilitates steaming and pressing of the embryos. 5. Steaming and frying: the moisture content of the fry stock when it is steamed and fried in the steaming and frying equipment is not less than 12%. After 40--50 minutes of heating, the temperature of the feed embryo exceeds 100°C, and the moisture content of the feed embryo gradually decreases from 12% to 3%. %--4%, with the material embryo color gradient to brown-red, and can smell the fragrance without burning until. 6. Squeezing: Oils are prepared by methods such as pressing, extraction, and water substitution. The pressing method can be divided into wood pressing, screw pressing and hydraulic pressing depending on the equipment used and the scale of production. Since the preparation of corn germ oil is mostly carried out by smaller scale and auxiliary workshops, the use of spiral oil press is most suitable. The type of machine can be determined according to the scale of production. The larger-scale production plant can use the 200-type screw press which is equipped with a combination of steaming and frying equipment. The machine has both steaming and frying capabilities, continuous operation, simple operation, and steaming and pressing of the raw material. Oil is completed in one set at a time. When the temperature of the steamed fry is 115--120°C and the moisture content is 2%--4%, the oil is directly injected into the press. At this time, the room temperature needs to be maintained at 30--40°C, and a small amount of embryos are initially fed. After the normal operation of the pressing machine, the temperature of the squeezing saggers rises, and then increases to the standard feeding amount, and the uniform feeding, oiling, and cake output are maintained. In order to smell the scent of the cake, the cake is firm, the surface is smooth, the back is cracked, and the oil is normal. If the steaming and frying temperature is low, the moisture content of the material embryo is high, the cake piece is soft, the water vapor is very strong, the oil color is not correct, the blistering is white, and the oil is reduced. If the steaming temperature is too high and the moisture content of the feed embryo is too low, the cake color will be too dark, the outlet will take on smoke and burnt smell, the oil color will be deep, and the oil will be reduced. Normal operation of the press, the general oil speed control is 8 rev / min (minutes), feed embryos in the press squeezing time is 2.5min (minutes), the thickness of the cake is 5-6mm. The yield of corn germ extracted from corn mash was 22%-26%; the oil yield of corn germ extract from the prepared starch was 25%-28%, and the residual oil percentage in cake 5%-6%. . The corn germ oil obtained has not been refined and is commonly referred to as “hair oilâ€, its water and volatile matter is 0.3%, impurities 0.2%, acid price 6, sediment 6%, color yellow, odor normal, heated at 280°C Precipitation precipitated. "Ferment oil" is not resistant to storage due to high moisture and impurity content. It requires hydration, caustic refining and deodorization to obtain high-quality refined corn oil. China Agricultural Network Editor