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Prevention and Treatment of Common Bacterial Diseases of Freshwater Fishes in Spring
The main diseases of freshwater cultured fish in spring are diseases caused by fungal and bacterial infections. Therefore, fish farmers should actively work on the prevention and treatment of fish diseases according to the seasonal incidence rules and local production practices. The common prevention and control methods for several diseases in spring are described below: 1. Saprolegniasis is caused by fungal infection. The main symptom of this disease is that the wound grows white cotton-like hyphae, which secrete a large number of proteolytic enzymes after adhesion with the wound cell tissue, causing tissue necrosis, overburdened fish, abnormal swimming, loss of appetite, and finally failure. Control methods: 1. Disinfect the lime ponds in the fish ponds; 2. Avoid fish injuries when fishing, transport, and stocking; 3. Use salt or potassium permanganate to disinfect the stocks for stocking; 4. Treatment Use Method One: 0.4-0.5 g/m3 of salt and baking soda mixture Quanchiposa. Method 2: The entire pool is sprayed with 2-3 g/m3 of Miya Methyl Blue every 2 days. After 5 days, use 0.2-0.3 g/m3 Hydantoin to spill once. Second, gill pathogens are columnar flexibacter bacteria, usually caused by direct contact between fish and pathogens. The diseased fish is dark in color, and the inner surface of the lid is congested and inflamed, while the middle part is often smashed into a small, circular window. Sputum swelling, increased mucus, terminal defect. Control methods: 1, in the operation should be brisk and careful to avoid fish injuries; 2, seed stocking soaked with drug disinfection; 3, after the onset of the use of dibromohydantoin 0.3 g / cubic meter or strong grams of 101 (super Iodine quaternary ammonium salt) 0.25 g/m3 Quanchiposa. 3. The pathogen of red dermatosis is Pseudomonas fluorescens, which is a conditional pathogen. When the fish is injured due to manual operations such as fishing, transportation, and restocking, or mechanical injury, frostbite, or parasite parasitism, pathogenic bacteria invade the disease. The diseased fish showed inflammation of the body surface and shedding of scales. The base of the fins is filled with blood, and the fins are congested or blistered like a broom. The prevention and treatment methods are basically the same as those for gill rot. The main prevention measures are to prevent fish injuries. Fourth, enteritis disease The pathogen of the disease is Aeromonas punctiforme, but also the condition of pathogens. When the quality of the water environment deteriorates, feeding a deteriorated feed, or feeding it abnormally, it can easily cause the disease. The sick fish usually has enlarged abdomen and erythema. The anus is red and swollen. If the abdomen is gently squeezed, yellow mucus flows out of the anus. There is no food in the intestine, there is pale yellow mucus, and the inner wall is eroded. Prevention methods: 1. Improve the water environment and maintain good water quality; 2. Strengthen feeding management and adhere to the principle of “Four Ding†feeding; 3. Use 0.3 g/m3 bromochlorohydantoin to sterilize aquaculture water at the same time. The diet was supplemented with 2 ‰-3 ‰ of allicin or florfenicol and 2 å…ç–« of immunopolysaccharide for oral administration and was continuously fed for 5 days. Fifth, fulminant hemorrhage, also known as bacterial sepsis, is one of the most contagious bacterial diseases in spring. The disease is caused mainly by bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, and Yersinia ruckeri. The main hazards are grass carp, carp, carp, and white peony. The disease is acute and infectious, and has a high mortality rate and high losses. Once the onset is difficult to control, and the condition is repeated more often. After onset of fish congestion, anal swelling, abdominal enlargement, intraperitoneal accumulation of a large number of ascites and hemolysis. There is no food in the intestines but there is a lot of mucus. Diseased fish are sometimes accompanied by prominent eyes, scales erected, and other symptoms of rotting at the end of the silk. Control methods: 1. Thorough clearing of the pond: timely clearing of sediment sludge in the pond for many years, and then using 75~80 kg of lime in the whole pond; 2. Use 1~2 salt or 15~20 g/m3 of fish in the pool. The potassium permanganate bath 10 to 15 minutes; 3, regular water disinfection. General use of quicklime, dibromohydantoin, photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria and other environmental drugs are used interchangeably. 4. Treatment: (1) Continuous use of 0.25-0.30 g/m3 dibromohydantoin for 2 days. (2) If the condition is serious, after two days of interval, use 0.3 g/m3 of strong gram 101 (super iodine quaternary ammonium salt) to sputter once. (3) The medicine baits are administered internally while the topical medicine is used, and florfenicol is added per kilogram of feed. (4) 0.3-0.4 g, feeding continuously for 3 to 5 days.