Hawthorn Shaping and Pruning

First, shaping

Hawthorn yield varies depending on the species, site conditions, planting density and methods. The key to the high yield tree is whether it can maximize the use of space and achieve three-dimensional results. According to the characteristics of strong hawthorn trunk, obvious layering and strong hi-light performance, trunk sparse layer shape and natural happy shape should be adopted.

The main features of the early high yield tree are: First, low dryness. The dry height is 40 to 60 cm, the crown expansion is fast, the branch quantity is more, and the dry weeks are thicker and faster. The result is early. The second is a short crown. The crown diameter is controlled at about 3.5 meters, the tree height is 3 to 3.5 meters, and the acre is planted with 55 to 111 plants. Make full use of land and light to increase the output per unit area. The third is less major branches, less lateral branches, and more branches. There are 3 to 5 main branches and 2 to 3 side branches. The main branch tilts upwards, making full use of the back branch results. Each side branch should have a proper amount of secondary branches and direct branching results. Crown structure is compact, good ventilation and light transmission, internal and external results. Fourth, the distance between the layers should be large. Hawthorn tree spacing of 1.2 to 1.5 meters is good, the use of internal malleolus, the transitional branches in the middle of the flower buds.

Second, trim

1. Pruning of pruned trees. The main characteristics of the sapling period are the small amount of growth in one or two years after planting, and the weak growth potential is a mild seedling stage. Pruning this time is mainly shaping. The pruning method was adopted to select and maintain the backbones of various levels, and the angles of the branches were opened to lay the foundation for the cultivation of high-yield tree structures. When pruning, the pruning method of “first promote after slowing down” and “combining winter and summer” should be adopted. The pruning principle should be: 1 to 3 years old saplings, all branches should be taken in the middle, heavy short cut, do not cut more sparse, to make it more and more strong branches, hung to expand the crown, and then take the flowering measures to achieve early results The purpose. The main points of pruning during this period are: moderate and short cuts on the main and lateral branches, and the parallel growth of the golden mean branches, with space for light and short cuts, increase of branches and enlargement of the resulting parts, and the lack of space for delays and early results. Appropriately remove shoots that grow too densely or compete with shoots.

2. Pruning of the initial result tree. In addition to building a good tree shape, pruning during this period requires the cultivation of various types of fruiting branches so that the tree can gradually transition from a certain yield to a fruitful period. Pruning is based on sparse and cultured branches. When the contradiction between the auxiliary branch and the branch branch occurs, the auxiliary branch shall be treated in time to give way to the backbone branch. The vigorous and upright branches that have survived should be flattened and slowed so that they will bear fruit as early as possible. For branches with continuous results of more than two years, they should be retracted in time to prevent the resulting parts from shifting outwards. Competing branches with space can be cultivated into result branches, and those who are too dense can be eliminated.

3. Pruning of fruit trees. Continue to cultivate and trim the tree shape, improve the composition of the leaf screen unit, adjust the surface condition of the exposed curtain, cultivate and update the results, overcome the phenomenon of size and annual results, and strive to high yield, stable production and high quality, and prolong the full fruit period. Should take short cuts, retraction, thinning and summer topping and thinning and other measures for fine pruning. Keep the ratio of fruiting branches to vegetative shoots 2:3 or 3:2. Take dredging or rejuvenation results stick group. Peripheral shoots should be shortened and sparsely in order to enhance vegetative shoot growth. Sparse branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, and branches are eliminated.

4. The results of the update tree trim. During this period, the tree vigor was obviously weakened, the stems began to droop, the inner tendon was bare, and there were a large number of leggy branches. However, the hawthorn was relatively easy to rejuvenate and rejuvenate. As long as the soil and fertilizer management was strengthened, the pruning measures could rejuvenate the body. Tree vigor extends the result years. In general, all kinds of backbone branches are retracted year by year, and the results are used to re-cultivate the resulting branches.

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