In the past few years, the potato planting area in our county has increased year by year. The yield per mu is generally between 2500 and 3500 kg. Most potato growers have certain experience and good methods in cultivation management. However, as a whole, potato cultivation and management also There are many problems that are summarized below. Ningbo DOKEE Medical Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.dokeemedical.com
First, the phenomenon of species degradation
After several years of continuous planting of potato, the plants are often dwarfed, clumped, weakly growing, the leaves shrinking, becoming smaller, becoming brittle or ring spotted, the veins turning dark brown, the leaves easily falling off, and the severe plant dead. The main cause of the degenerative nature is the infringement of various infectious pathogens and viruses. The solution to the problem of degradation can only be achieved by agricultural scientists and technicians using test tubes to detoxify to obtain virus-free seedlings, regenerate and produce micro seed potatoes, and then subculture to original species, first-level seed potato, and second-level seed potato, and the species produced by this method. The potato is a healthy seed potato.
Second, the phenomenon of tuber deformity
In the harvest of potatoes, we often see bizarre potato blocks that are different from normal potato, and some have a small head on the top or side of the potato, some like dumbbells, and some grow two or more on the original potato. There are many kinds of projections such as tumors, and such potato pieces are called misshapen potatoes. This situation is due to a period of time after the potato tuber grows normally and then encounters high temperature or drought, which causes the tuber to temporarily stop growing or grow slowly, resulting in aging of the epidermis. Later, it changed the environment or the temperature was suitable or the water supply was again after the drought, so that the tuber could not continue to expand evenly to cause the malformed potato. To avoid this kind of phenomenon, it is necessary to maintain the stability of production conditions, supply water and fertilizer normally, and try not to use the second-grown potato chips as seed potatoes as much as possible to prevent the occurrence of malformed potatoes.
Third, improper selection of varieties
There are many factors to consider when selecting potatoes for planting potatoes. First, we must choose varieties that adapt to the local climate conditions. Taking this county as an example, the general potato planting in Tailai County is in late April. The emergence time is around the beginning of May. The average monthly temperature in July is 26°C. According to the temperature requirement of potato growth and the climatic conditions of this county, the variety with more than 95 days of growth period should not be planted. The second is to choose varieties that can occupy the local market at that time. Such as potato concentration, large and neat early maturing varieties of potato "big early white." Not only can it grab the morning market and sell it at a good price, but the white skin looks beautiful. The third is to choose a variety of good nutritional value, good food and beverage varieties, such as early maturity, shallow buds, smooth skin of the potato, “Favoritaâ€. Fourth, the selection of varieties should also be based on factors such as ripening period and mouth arrangement to reach both the upper and lower levels. The harvest was abundant throughout the year.
Fourth, poor rotation is not done well
The potato is a crop that avoids heavy crops. Even if it is used as a land that does not collapse, not only the yield is getting lower and lower, but more importantly, serious pests and diseases occur. Rotations and wheat, corn, millet and other crops are better, it is best not to cross-fall with solanaceous crops such as eggplants, tomatoes, peppers, etc., because of cross infection with the same infectious diseases of Solanaceae crops. If it cannot be dumped due to land and other reasons, we must pay attention to the following two points: First, fertilize according to the characteristics of potato need fertilizer. The second is to pay special attention to the occurrence of various infectious diseases. The first measure is to use virus-free seed potatoes. Second, do a good job of field disease monitoring, timely detection of the disease, it is best to use drugs before the onset of disease prevention.
Fifth, sowing seeds are too small
Sowing of potatoes is small, and some plans save money. Buy a small piece of seed potato, think that there is a bud eye digging a piece, the size of a piece of potato grows potatoes are the same; some original potato block is not large, only the buds around the eyes of the potato with bud eyes dug into a small race Block, while the rest is consumed. In fact, these practices will cause the emergence of potato seedlings, seedlings grow weak and reduce production. According to foreign materials, 1440 kilograms of yield per hectare are weighed for 14 grams of buds, and 2144.7 kilograms per hectare of 56 grams of bud weights are produced. Large buds produce 48.9% more than small buds and 30 grams of buds are used in domestic trials. Seeding more than 32.6% more than 10 grams of sowing buds, the problem is very simple, one sentence is the "mother big son fat" reason.
6, the density is too large nutrient area is insufficient
In order to increase production, some adopt dense planting methods to win more, and some have a density of 6000-7000 trees per mu. Less fertilization results in weak stalks, lack of nutrition, and high yields. For example, if the amount of fertilizer is too large, the groups will shave their stems and leaves, lodging, or even rot of branches and leaves and reduce production. No matter what species are planted, they must be planted according to the species.
Seven, sowing too shallow
In the daily potato production, there are many phenomena of planting too shallow. If it is too shallow, it can cause the tuber to be exposed and the head to be blue, and it can also cause the underground tuber to be exposed and cannot be tuberized. Sowing was too shallow and the roots were shallow. Make it suck fat and absorb water. Plants do not affect yield. The more reasonable sowing depth is about 10 centimeters, plus the cultivator after soil cultivation. Total buried depth of 15-20 cm.
Eight, irrational fertilization
Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in potato growth. After the application, the leaves have dark green color and the effect is very obvious. It is deeply loved by farmers, but potato requires potassium for the most part, followed by nitrogen, and phosphorus is the least. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2.5:1:5. On this basis, when determining the amount of fertilization, the proportion of various fertilizers used in the current year should also be taken into consideration. Due to different utilization rates during the year, the annual utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 60%, phosphorus fertilizer is 20%, and potassium fertilizer is 50%. At the same time, it must be more reasonable than it should be.