Oil Industry Term - 2

3 leaching solvent extraction
3.1 Solvent Solvate An organic substance that can dissolve lipids sufficiently and rapidly in any proportion. (No. 6 solvent oil, acetone, etc.)
3.2 Solvent leaching Solvent extraction is also known as "extraction". The process of extracting oil from oils with organic solvents.
3.2.1 Solvent ratio ratio The weight ratio of leached material to solvent per unit of time.
3.2.2 concentration gradient Also known as "concentration gradient." In the leaching process, the difference in the concentration of the mixed oil inside and outside the embryo.
3.2.3 spray extraction leaching percolation extraction Solvent is sprayed in contact with the embryo to complete the leaching process.
3.2.4 Immersion immersion The immersed extracion is soaked in a solvent to complete the leaching process.
3.2.5 Combined extract leaching combination of spray and soak leaching.
3.2.6 Direct extraction Also known as "one-time leaching." After the pretreatment of the oil, the process of leaching and oil extraction is performed directly.
3.2.7 pre-pressing extraction pre-pressing extraction oil after pre-extracted part of the grease, and then the higher oil containing cake leaching process.
3.2.8 The batch extracting batch extraction material into the human leacher, the unloading from the leacher, the fresh solvent injection, and the extraction of the concentrated oil are the leaching processes in batch, intermittent, and cyclical processes.
3.2.9 Continuous leaching The continuous extraction of the material embryo into the leacher, the unloading of the enamel from the leacher, the injection of fresh solvent, and the extraction of the concentrated oil are continuous leaching processes.
3.2.10 leaching temperature extraction temperature In the leaching process, the temperature conditions are determined according to the solvent distillation range and the leaching process.
3.2.11 leaching time extraction time The time required for the embryo to enter into the pod.
3.2.12 Permeability permeability In the process of leaching, the solvent penetrates into the pores in the interior of the embryo to pass through the material layer.
3.2.13 Counter current percolation extraction During the leaching process, the concentration of the sprayed mixed oil decreases as the oil content in the embryo decreases. The leaching process is finally sprayed with fresh solvent.
3.2.14 free oil The oil on the internal and external surfaces of the material embryo. That is, the oil that flows out during the material pretreatment and the oil that remains in the embryo.
3.2.15 bound oil An oil that is in the interior of cell tissues and in secondary structure.
3.2.16 Pre-pressed cake Pre-pressed cake, which is discharged from the pre-press, still has a high oil content cake.
3.2.17 extractor The name of the equipment used to complete the process of liposuction and leaching.
3.2.18 rotocel extractor Rotating body rotates with the vertical axis to complete the equipment for loading, leaching, dripping, and leaching all leaching processes.
3.2.18.1 Sealed auger Seal auger has a small horizontal rotary blade at the discharge end and a horizontally closed screw conveyor with a gravity gate. The leacher is a feeding mechanism.
3.2.18.2 Extractor shell The extractor shell is subjected to the weight of the rotor. The track is mounted on the rotary body, and the lower part is provided with a collecting grille and an outlet grille, and functions as a shell for sealing the dense solvent in production.
3.2.18.3 Rotor rotor Also known as "rotor". Divided into a number of leached cylinders in the radial direction, working parts that rotate slowly with the vertical axis.
3.2.18.4 Cell leaching unit The cell of the flat leaching machine rotates the body to carry the leaching oil.
3.2.18.5 false bottom The bottom of the leaching cell consists of a screen and a sieve plate, which can be used to disassemble the parts that complete the destacking operation.
3.2.18.6 sprayer sprayer,spray nozzle A device that sprays solvent or mixed oil on a blank.
3.2.18.7 Oilcell miscella funnel, miscella collection chamber A collection of oil (or solvent) oil sump below the rotor.
3.2.18.8 Meal discharge cell,meal collection chamber,meal hopper After the leaching is over, collect the wet cell.
3.2.18.9 Rich miscella screen filter Installed in the upper part of the thick oil mixing oil outlet and shaped like a slat of a tent, it can filter out the pumped concentrated oil and remove the smashing device.
3.2.18.10 front opening door When the front opening door is unstacked, the false bottom roller is in the front and the hinge axis is in the rear movement mode.
3.2.18.11 Back opening door When opening the door, the hinge of the false bottom is in front and the scroll wheel is in the rear dragging form.
3.2.18.12 Feeding stage The feed embryo enters the leacher to the stage before leaching.
3.2.18.13 extracting stage The stage in which the material embryo is leached in the leacher.
3.2.18.14 Draining stage The stage in which the solvent is finally dripped after spraying is completed.
3.2.19 Bridge bridging is also known as "arching". In the container, the embryos are bonded and squeezed to stop the flow and cause the lower part of the container to be overhead.
3.2.20 Reverse gas The reverse-gas solvent mixture gas flows in a normal direction.
3.2.21 belt extractor screen belt type solvent extractor A material that moves horizontally on a conveyor belt to complete a continuous leaching process.
3.2.22 U-shaped leacher Hildebrand extractor also known as "Ballyuan extractor" (Ballyuan extractor), the outer image of the "U" character, the internal chain of many links composed of a drag chain, the embryo embryo drag, for continuous leaching device of.
3.2.23 The redler extractor is shaped like a bow and consists of a chain of drag chains that are driven by a number of chain links. The device pulls the embryos for continuous leaching.
3.2.24 Y-type extractor Y-type extractor is composed of two "Y"-shaped screw conveyors that push the blanks forward for continuous leaching.
3.2.25 loop extractor The shape of the ring loop extractor is a continuous leaching leacher under the drag of the box type drag chain conveyor belt.
3.2.26 leaching tank The batch extractor is equipped with agitator and false bottom closed container, which can be intermittently leached, usually for multiple groups.
3.2.26.1 Pressing steam blowing Use direct steam or steaming solvent steam to press out the solvent used in the tank.
3.2.26.2 steam stripping Steam injection from the bottom of the tank using direct steam to remove the solvent from the crucible.
3.2.26.3 Unloading The process of unloading the leached larvae from the leaching tank.
3.2.27 mixed oil circulating pump miscella circulating pump Used to complete the mixed oil circulation pump during leaching.
3.2.28 solvent pre-heater A device that heats the solvent to the desired temperature before leaching.
3.2.29 solvent holding tank: A container that stores the solvent recovered by each system for recycling of the leacher.
3.3 Miscella treatment The process of cleaning the mixed oil to remove impurities and separate the oil from the solvent.
3.3.1 mixed oil miscella A mixture of oil and solvent.
3.3.2 mixed oil concentration miscella concentration The percentage of oil in the total weight of the mixed oil. 3.3.3 mixed tank miscella tank Storage of mixed oil, and make it not settle the container.
3.3.4 mixed oil filter miscella filter Through the screen to remove the mixing equipment of the end of the oil.
3.3.5 Hydrocyclone The liquid-cyclone uses the principle of centrifugation to remove the equipment that mixes the moromi in the oil.
3.3.6 Miscella preheating of mixed oil The process of heating and heating the mixed oil to reach or close to the boiling temperature of the mixed oil before evaporation.
3.3.7 Miscella evaporation of mixed oil evaporation Using the volatile nature of the solvent in the mixed oil, the solvent is vaporized by heating and the process of concentrating the mixed oil is performed.
3.3.8 Long film evaporator raising film evaporator Also known as "film evaporator." A device in which the mixed oil evaporates in a thin film in an upright tube.
3.3.9 Constant level tank A tank that regulates the height of the long tube evaporator mixing oil level.
3.3.10 Vapor separator miscella separator Also known as "flash box". Used with long tube evaporators. The mixed oil enters the separator after being evaporated by the rising film, the solvent is flashed, and the liquid is separated by the centrifugal force.
3.3.11 miscella stripping With the principle of steam distillation, the process of removing a small amount of solvent from a concentrated oil is basically performed.
3.3.12 Tubular stripping column Equipment used to remove the mixed oil solvent from the pipe with direct steam.
3.3.13 dish stripping column The disc stripping column is used as steam stripping equipment for contact surfaces of steam and rich oil.
3.4 me treatment meal treatment Wet 粕 浸 浸 浸 排出 排出 对 对 对 对 对 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 。 。 。 。.
3.4.1 粕meal embryo leaching desolvent products.
3.4.2 Wet meal After the leaching, the solvent containing hydrazine.
3.4.3 Contamination of scivent contentinwet meal The content of solvent in phlegm.
3.4.4 Desolventizer-toaster The desolventizer-toaster body is cylindrical and equipped with a stirrer. It uses direct steam and indirect steam to remove the solvent and moisture from the wet mash.
3.4.5 Horizontal defrosting dryer horizontal desolventizer-toaster A series of horizontal cylinders overlapping installation of steaming machine.
3.4.6 vertical deoxidizer vertical desolventizer-toaster also known as "straight steam dryer", by a number of pot body overlapping installation of the steam drying machine.
3.4.7 DT steam dryer DT desolventizer-toaster is made up of a number of pots stacked on top of each other.
3.4.8 DTDC steam dryer desolrentizer-toaster with integrated dryer-cooler Dual-layer steam dryer with a cooling effect.
3.4.9 automatic gate automatic flow controlling gate The use of material level control device itself or the upper level of the device.
3.4.10 High bed dehydration high bed desolventizer toaster Only one or two cylinders, thicker material layer, with a stirring device to use steam distillation to remove the solvent evaporation of the enthalpy.
3.4.11 me cooler The device that cools the enthalpy at a higher temperature after steaming.
3.4.12 Fines separation, dust-separation The process of removing the enthalpy contained in the mixed steam distilled from the steaming machine.
3.4.13 Wet fines catcher Wet fines catcher uses water spray or solvent spray method to remove the entrained smut equipment in the solvent vapor.
3.4.14 dry fines catcher dry fines catcher Centrifugal sedimentation using the principle of separation of solvent vapor entrained with the end of the equipment.
3.4.15 Low temperature desolventizing Dehydration process below 80°C.
3.4.16 flash desolventizing system flash desolventizing system In the evaporation pipeline with hot solvent steam spray wet helium, so that the helium in the suspension state of the solvent evaporated.
3.4.17 Soybean meal low temperature desolventizer Soybean meal low temperature desolventizer Equipment for the solubilization of soybean wet soy sauce under atmospheric pressure. Mainly by spiral scraper desolventizer, circulation fan, cyclone separator, solvent steam superheater, helium settler, closed valve and other components.
3.5 Solvent recovery solvent recovery Steam distillation of the helium, mixed oil evaporation, stripping and other solvent vapor obtained through the condensation recovery process.
3.5.1 mixed steam mixed vapour A mixture of solvent steam and steam.
3.5.2 Surface condensation Surface condensation Coolant or air from the other direction through the outer or inner surface of the pipe, the solvent vapor condensation method.
3.5.3 mixed condensation contact condensation The method of condensing the solvent vapor directly in contact with the cooling liquid.
3.5.4 Solvent vapour Solvent vapour is a gaseous solvent formed by gasification of solvents.
3.5.5 Tube condenser Condenser A plurality of parallel tubes in a cylindrical shell that forms a bundle of tubes and condenses solvent vapors through heat exchange. There are two kinds of horizontal and vertical.
3.5.6 Spray condenser Spray condenser A device for condensing solvent vapor in a drain pipe with water spray.
3.5.7 mixed condenser contact condenser Cooling water and solvent vapor direct contact and cooling equipment.
3.5.8 Atmospheric condenser: An apparatus for condensing solvent vapors with air (water may also be used as a coolant).
3.5.9 Balancing tanks are used to collect the free gas in various equipments in the leaching workshop and to act as a pressure equalizing system.
3.5.10 Water separator solvent separator, water separator Equipment that separates the two by using different proportions of solvent and water.
3.5.11 Waste-water boiling tank Waste water from the manifold is heated and steamed to recover the solvent.
3.5.12 free gas solvent-carrying air Leaching system of uncondensed gases.
3.5.13 Exhaust exhaust gas, vent gas The uncondensed gas discharged from the final condenser.
3.5.14 exhaust gas recovery solvent recovery from vent gas recovery process from the tail gas.
3.5.15 Condensation at low temperature Also known as "refrigeration recovery". With the principle of lowering the partial pressure of the solvent vapor and cohering out at a low temperature, the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to recover the solvent therein.
3.5.16 Liquid absorption method Solvent absorption by liquid Also known as "mineral oil absorption". Using the principle of the mutual solubility of mineral oil (vegetable oil) and solvent, mineral oil (vegetable oil) is used to absorb the solvent-containing vapor in the exhaust gas.
3.5.17 Solid Adsorption Method Solvent absorption by solid The method of adsorbing the solvent vapor in the exhaust gas with an adsorbent.
3.5.18 Freezing recovery device A device that reduces the exhaust gas to approximately 0°C to recover the solvent.
3.5.19 Vent gas condenser A device for cooling the tail gas with cooling water to recover the solvent.
3.5.20 mineral oil absorbing device A device for absorbing the solvent vapor in exhaust gas with mineral oil, mainly composed of an absorption tower, a heat exchanger, a desorption tower, a cooler and the like.
3.5.21 Packing absorbing column Use of column packing to increase the solvent (vegetable oil or mineral oil) solvent recovery area with the exhaust gas recovery equipment.
3.5.22 desorption column A device that uses direct steam to remove the solvent from the oil.
3.5.23 lean oil Mineral oil used to absorb solvents.
3.5.24 Rich oil Mineral oil that has absorbed solvent vapors.
3.5.25 Exhaust gas The gas that is exhausted or absorbed into the atmosphere after the solvent has been absorbed by the exhaust gas.
3.5.26 water seal tank A facility that prevents solvent from entering a sewer.
3.5.27 fire barrier A fire safety device.
4 Refining refining
4.1 Oil refining oils and fats refining Also known as "refinery." The general term for a series of processes for removing solid impurities, free fatty acids, phospholipids, gums, waxes, pigments, and odors contained in vegetable oils.
4.1.1 Mechanical refining Mechanical refining Using precipitation, filtration, centrifugation and other methods to remove solid oil impurities and some peptidious impurities in the method.
4.1.2 Physical refining Physical refining also known as "distillation deacidification." The difference in the relative volatility of triglycerides and free fatty acids is the method of steam distillation under high temperature and high vacuum to remove free fatty acids.
4.1.3 Chemical refining Chemical refining Adds certain chemical substances to oils and fats for refining (alkali refining, acid refining, redox, etc.).
4.1.4 Physical and chemical refining Physical-chemical refining A method of refining (hydration, adsorptive decolorization, deodorization, etc.) that removes impurities from the oil by physical and chemical reactions.
4.1.5 mixed oil refining miscella refining Refining of mixed oils to remove fats and fats (such as gossypol, free fatty acids, waxes, etc.), and then remove the solvent from the oil refining method.
4.1.6 Crude oil Crude oil Unfiltered oil obtained by squeezing or leaching.
4.1.7 filtered crude oil The crude oil is precipitated and filtered to remove solid impurities.
4.1.8 Refined oil Refined oil A general term for oils that meet the standard after one or more refining processes.
4.2 Oils and fats and their accompaniment
4.2.1 Oils and fats Generic name for triglycerides. Natural oils and fats are a mixture of triglycerides that are mixed fatty acids. Normally liquid is oil at room temperature and solid is fat.
4.2.2 Fatty acids Fatty acid monocarboxylic acids, hydrocarbon derivatives of hydroxyl, general formula R-COOH.
4.2.3 glycerine glycerine scientific name glycerol, odorless, colorless, sweet viscous liquid.
4.2.4 Lipid Lipid, also known as "lipid soluble material", is a generic name for substances that can be dissolved in solvents that dissolve fats and oils. Such as: phospholipids, waxes, sterols and their esters, fat-soluble vitamins, pigments and so on.
4.2.5 Accompaniment of oils and fats Generic term for non-glyceride materials that accompany oil products, including lipids and non-lipids (proteins, carbohydrates, moisture, and other impurities).
4.2.6 protein protein A macromolecular compound composed of hundreds of thousands of molecules of amino acid condensation.
4.2.7 Carbohydrate Also known as "carbohydrate". The generic name of a group of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones composed of three elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and their condensates and certain derivatives. Usually can be divided into monosaccharides, polysaccharides and so on.
4.2.8 Phosphate phosphatide, a short name for phospholipid phosphoglycerides, is commonly found in plant seeds and animal tissues and is difficult to dissolve in acetone. The main form is cephalin, lecithin and so on.
4.2.9 Wax wax refers mainly to esters of higher monohydric alcohols and higher fatty acids.
4.2.10 Alcohol sterol Also known as "sterol". Hydroxyl-containing cyclopentane quinone hydrogen phenanthrenes.
4.2.11 Gossypol Cotton is a particularly toxic, dark-colored polyphenol. Under certain conditions, free gossypol will become denatured gossypol or bind gossypol.
4.2.12 Vitamin E vitamin E Light yellow viscous oily liquid with anti-sterility and anti-oxidant properties.
4.2.13 Antioxidant It can prevent or delay the oxidation and rancidity of the oil.
4.2.14 pigment Pigment refers to a substance that itself has a color and can make the oil or grease color.
4.2.15 unsaponifiable matter Substances in the oil that cannot react with alkali. (such as higher alcohols, waxes, etc.).
4.2.16 Solid impurities Solid impurities in sand oil, emulsified powder, fibres, grass clippings and other solid impurities.
4.2.17 lipid soluble impurities. A group of impurities dissolved in grease. (such as free fatty acids, pigments, sterols, vitamin E, hydrocarbons, etc.).
4.2.18 Colloidal impurities Mucilaginous impurities are proteins, sugars, resins, mucous, and other colloidal substances found in oils and fats.
4.2.19 Free fatty acids Free fatty acids Fatty acids and oils in unrefined oil seeds that have not been synthesized with esters are free fatty acids in oils and fats due to moisture, heat, lipolytic enzymes and oxidative decomposition of fats and oils.
4.2.20 oil residue The precipitation, filtration of oil and the slag of oil squeezing.
4.2.21 Oil sediment Oil sediment after hydration.
4.2.22 Soap foot soapstock Tallow oil after sedimentation.
4.3 crude oil pre-purification of crude oil The removal of solid impurities contained in the process of hair oil.
4.3.1 precipitation The process of solid particles suspended in oil naturally sinking and separation.
4.3.2 Scraper tank clarifying tank Also known as "clear tank." The equipment used to separate the oil residue and automatically discharge the slag.
4.3.3 spiral discharge decanter centrifuge settling centrifuge main working components for a high-speed rotating drum and a certain speed differential screw propeller. Relies on the role of inertial centrifugal force to separate the oil residue from the machinery.
4.3.4 Filtering The process of removing the solid impurities by passing the oil through the filter medium under the influence of gravity or dynamics.
4.3.5 Filter press A device that separates oil and solid impurities under a certain pressure.
4.3.6 Plate-fram filter press A combination of multiple filter plates, filter frames and oil filter equipment.
4.3.7 Chamber filter press The chamber filter press consists of a number of two sides of the filter plate with protruding edges all around to form the oil filter equipment of many chambers.
4.3.8 Disk filter dise filter press It consists of a number of rotatable wire mesh filter discs stacked intermittent filter, mechanical slag filter device.
4.3.9 horizontal filter horizontal Presure leaf filter The horizontal cylinder has a number of upright stainless steel metal mesh filter plates.
4.4 Hydration hydration Also known as dephosphorization. Degumming. A certain amount of water or electrolyte solution such as dilute salt or dilute alkali is added to the hot oil under stirring, which promotes the aggregation of the peptized impurities in the oil and the separation and separation process.
4.4.1 Continuous hydration Continuous hydration methods such as oil-water mixing, reaction, and separation processes.
4.4.2 intermittent hydration batch hydration method of non-continuous hydration.
4.4.3 Hydration tank The hydration tank is also called "hydration pot". A device for the intermittent hydration of oils.
4.4.4 Disc centrifuge separator,disc centrifuge A high-speed centrifuge with a number of stacked conical discs in a drum for continuous separation of oil (soap) feet or washing water.
4.4.5 Tubular tuber centrifuge A high-speed centrifuge with a tubular non-porous drum suspended on a flexible shaft. There are two types of soap removal and dehydration.
4.4.6 Settling in standing still Set the crude oil after adding water to a certain temperature for a certain period of time to ensure sufficient precipitation of phospholipids in the oil.
4.4.7 Dehydration drying The process of removing the small amount of water still contained in the hydrated virgin oil under normal pressure.
4.4.8 raw phosphoilpid A mixture that has been separated (or precipitated) from a hydration facility.
4.4.9 Neutral oil recovery The process of recovering the neutral oil contained in the foot (soap).
4.4.10 Emulsification phenomenon emulsion In the process of hydration or alkali refining, due to improper operation, the oily phenomenon of oil and phospholipid micelles or soap particles is difficult to separate.
4.4.11 salt breaking emulsion In an emulsion or colloidal solution, metal salts are added and the solution is separated.
4.5 acid degumming degumming In a certain amount of acid in the oil, to remove protein, mucilage and other peptidious impurities refining method.
4.5.1 Sulfuric acid degumming sulphuric acid degumming Method of degumming by adding concentrated sulphuric acid to hair oil.
4.5.2 acid-refining tank A cylindrical oil refining pot with a conical bottom made of acid-resistant material.
4.5.3 Phosphate degumming phosphoric acid degumming Method of degumming by adding phosphoric acid to wool oil.
4.5.4 acid-refining mixer Closed mixer with agitator and baffle.
4.6 Deacidification de-acidification The process of removing free fatty acids contained in hair oil, deacidification methods include alkali refining, steam distillation, solvent extraction.
4.6.1 caustic refining, alkaline refining, neutralization The use of caustic soda, soda ash and other alkalis to neutralize the free fatty acids in oil to make soap from the oil precipitate separation method.
4.6.2 Continuous caustic refining, continuous neutralization Oil-base mixing, neutralization, soap removal, water washing, dewatering and other processes are all continuous alkali refining methods.
4.6.3 batch caustic refining, batch neutralization discontinuous alkali refining method.
4.6.4 Theoretical alkali quantity, theoretical alkali quantity The theoretical calculation of the amount of alkali needed to neutralize free fatty acids in oils and fats.
4.6.5 Excess alkali quantity When alkali or oil is used for alkali refining, the actual amount of alkali used exceeds the theoretical alkali content.
4.6.6 total alkali quantity Also known as "actual reduction." Alkali refining, the actual use of the amount of alkali, which is the sum of the amount of the theoretical alkali plus the amount of super alkali.
4.6.7 Oil-base ratio proportionator, oil and alkali dosing machine Also known as "oil-base ratio pump." During alkaline refining, according to the flow rate and acid value of the crude oil, the equipment for supplying the required alkaline solution is supplied in proportion.
4.6.8 Mixer A device that mixes two liquids evenly. There are pulp, disc, knife and so on.
4.6.9 Centrifugal mixer centrifugal mixer The role of inertial centrifugal force, the liquid mixing and both transport mixer.
4.6.10 Paddle mixer A mixing machine with triangular paddle stirring wings is mounted on the central axis of a rectangular mixing box.
4.6.11 disc mixer Also known as "neutralizer". The mixing chamber has a speed-adjustable turntable, and the oil and alkali are mixed into the mixing chamber under the agitation of the turntable and mixed thoroughly under the mixer.
4.6.12 Blade mixer Also known as "remix mixer", "wash mixer". The mixing chamber is a vertical cylinder with a diamond blade mixer mounted on its center axis.
4.6.13 Washing In the alkali refining process, the method of washing off the traces of soap particles suspended in the oil.
4.6.14 Vacuum drying Vacuum drying The method of removing water from the oil under negative pressure.
4.6.15 Vacuum dryer Vacuum cylindrical closed container, vacuum drying equipment can be completed.
4.6.16 neutralization tank Also known as "alkali tank", it is used in a tank for batch caustic refining.
4.6.17 Washing-drying tank washing-drying column A cylindrical vacuum container with a disc cover and cone bottom, specially designed for washing and drying alkali refining equipment.
4.6.18 soapstock tank A device used to process soapstock to recover neutral oil.
4.6.19 Zenith neutralization method Oil from the bottom of a neutralization tower filled with dilute alkaline solution is oily. Through the lye layer, neutralize deacidification alkali refining method.
4.6.20 Re-refining Also known as "second alkali refining". After the alkali-smelting oil, a certain dilute lye is added to carry out the alkali refining method.
4.7 Decolorization bleaching Remove some of the pigments in the oil and some of the residual substances that could not be removed during the alkali refining process to improve the color and improve the quality of the oil refining process.
4.7.1 adsorption bleaching adsorption bleaching With the adsorption of substances, remove the pigment pigments.
4.7.2 Adsorbent adsorbent The strong selective adsorption of substances, commonly used natural bleaching, activated clay, activated carbon.
4.7.3 Decolorizing tank bleaching tank Sealed vacuum container with stirring device, equipment for the intermittent decolorization of grease.
4.7.4 bleaching tower A closed vacuum container used for the continuous decolorization of grease equipment.
4.7.5 filter aid A substance that increases the filtration efficiency of the filtrate.
4.7.6 Bleaching earth dosing device A device capable of continuously and quantitatively supplying adsorbents in accordance with the requirements of the process.
4.8 Deodorization Deodorization The refining process to remove odorous substances from grease.
4.8.1 Steam distillation deodorization steam is passed through the oil containing odor components, the vapor-liquid surface is in contact, the water vapor is saturated by the volatilized odor components, and is released at a ratio of its partial pressure to remove oil Odor.
4.8.2 batch deodorization The whole deodorization process is not continuous, generally divided into several steps deodorization, cooling, filtration.
4.8.3 deodorant tank deodorizing tank Oil-based deodorising tank equipment under negative pressure.
4.8.4 Continuous deodorization Continuous deodorization During the entire deodorization process, the grease and the stripping steam are in countercurrent contact with each other and the continuous stripping deodorization process is performed.
4.8.5 Discharger Deaerator Also known as "deaerator". Discharge the gas in the container.
4.8.6 Continuous deodorization equipment Continuous deodorization tower The main body is an upright cylindrical tower with a number of studios overlapping the inside of the tower to complete the continuous deodorization process.
4.8.7 Semi-continuous deodorization equipment The semi-continuous deodorizer is composed of several unit working layers. The grease inlet and outlet are continuous flow, and the working section is intermittent deodorization equipment.
4.8.8 Dowthefm gas The high-temperature gas generated by heating a mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl ether.
4.8.9 Dowtherm boiler also known as "take benzene furnace." Biphenyl and diphenyl ether are heated to produce a combustion gas burner.
4.8.10 Conducting oil conduction oil Has high stability, non-toxic, odorless heat transfer medium oil.
4.8.11 The thermal oil heater heats the thermal oil to a certain temperature, sends it to the heated body for heat transfer, and then comes back to the circulating heated furnace.
4.8.12 oil canned motor pump Canned motor pump pump and the motor is an integral structure, the pump body and the rotor are in a sealed device, in the operation can effectively prevent air leakage into a hot oil pump.
4.8.13 Mechanical vacuum pump mechanical vacuum pump Through the reciprocating motion of the piston, the vacuum pump that performs the function of suction and discharge periodically, is used in the situation that the vacuum degree in the operation is not high.
4.8.14 steam jet vacuum pump steam jet ejector vacuum pump Mainly by the pump body and diffuser tube, the working steam at a very high speed to the diffuser, so that the vacuum pump to produce negative pressure, get a higher vacuum .
4.8.15 water jet vacuum pump water jet ejector vacuum pump Centrifugal pump into the pump into the pump, high-speed jet from a number of nozzles to the center of the diffuser tube focus point, resulting in negative pressure inside the pump body. It is used when the vacuum is not high.
4.9 Dewaxing dewaxing Removes wax and a small amount of solid fat in the refining process.
4.9.1 Winterization winterisation The process of cooling the oil to coagulate the high-melting triglyceride and separating the solid fat to obtain the liquid oil.
4.9.2 Crystallizer The crystallizer provides equipment for waxy or solid fats in oils and fats to provide adequate crystallization conditions.
4.9.3 maturing tank mataturator A device that increases the grain size of waxy or solid fat.
4.9.4 vacuum drum filter drum vacuum filter Equipment used to separate wax crystals or solid grease.
5 grease processing oils and fats turther processing Using refined oil as raw material, through a certain process, change the oil form and performance of the processing process.
5.1 Hydrogenation of oils and fats hydrogenation In the presence of catalysts and certain process conditions, the process of hydrogen saturation of double bonds of oils.
5.1.1 Hydrogenated oils and fats Hydrogenated oils.
5.1.2 Edible hydrogenated oil A hydrogenated oil with a low degree of hydrogenation that meets food requirements.
5.1.3 Batch hydrogenation Batch hydrogenation A process for the hydrogenation of oils in batches in a hydrogenation tank.
5.1.4 Hydrogenation tanks Hydrogenation tanks are steel vertical cylinders with spherical or dished lids for hydrogenation of grease.
5.1.5 Catalyzed catalyst A substance that participates in a chemical reaction that accelerates the chemical reaction but does not change the chemical equilibrium and does not change its own chemical properties after the reaction is completed.
5.1.6 negative catalyst A catalyst that specifically slows the chemical reaction.
5.1.7 co-promoter A substance added to the catalyst that only enhances the performance of the catalyst to some extent.
5.1.8 Catalytic poisoning Catalyst poisoning The catalyst is contaminated by impurities and the catalytic activity is reduced.
5.1.9 Catalyst dosing tank The powdered catalyst is continuously and evenly brought into the oil and mixed with the uniform can-type equipment.
5.1.10 oil hydrogen ratio The ratio of the volume of oil consumed per ton of oil per hour (Nm3).
5.1.11 oil hydrogen separation The process of separating hydrogenated oil from hydrogen after hydrogenation.
5.1.12 post-treatment The process of refining the hydrogenated oil with the catalyst removed. (Removal pigments produced during the hydrogenation process and traces of catalysts dissolved in the oil are removed to remove free fatty acids.)
5.1.13 Selective hydrogenation selective hydrogenation Hydrogenation reaction, the use of appropriate temperature, pressure, time, stirring speed and catalyst, so that the hydrogenation reaction speed and molecular structure has a certain degree of selectivity.
5.1.14 hyperhydrogenation deep hydrogenation under certain conditions, through the hydrogenation, the unsaturated fatty acids in the oil molecules are all converted into saturated fatty acid hydrogenation process.
5.2 esterification esterification
5.2.1 Transesterification The process of replacing a fat or oil (alcohol or fatty acid) with a new ester under appropriate conditions.
5.2.2 Alcoholysis alcoholysis The displacement reaction of oils and fats in lactide.
5.2.3 acidolysis acidolysis The transesterification of fats and fatty acids in lactide.
5.2.4 ester-ester interchange ester-ester interchange, transesterification The exchange of fatty acid ester groups between two or more oils in lactide.
5.2.5 Random transesterification When ester-ester interchanges are carried out in homogeneous reactions, they are probabilistic according to the type and energy of the acyl group. Balanced at random distribution.
5.2.6 Directed ester-ester interchange Direct transesterification In the lactide, the reaction process of the mixture is repeated and the ester-ester interchanges in one direction.
5.2.7 oils and fats modification Oil modification by the lactide reaction.
5.3 Hydrolysis of oils and fats Hydrohydrolysis, hydrolysis of oils and fats in the presence of water is decomposed to produce fatty acids, mono-(di)glycerides and glycerol.
5.3.1 Twichell process The Twichell process uses a Twicher catalyst to add oil and grease to emulsify the oil and water to complete the hydrolysis of the oil.
5.3.2 Pressurized hydrolysis pressure steamase The grease is added to a certain kind of catalyst in the autoclave and stirred with steam to complete the decomposition process.
5.4 Fractionation Process for the separation of some physically and chemically distinct components from natural oils or fatty acids.
5.4.1 Crystallizing fractionation The method of separating high-melting components from oils and fatty acids by using freezing crystallization.
5.4.2 fractionation with solvent Fractionation with solvent is a fractionation method that uses solvents to aid the growth of lipid crystals and create favorable conditions for the separation of lipid crystals.
5.4.3 Emulsification fractionation Emulsification fractionation is performed by adding a surfactant aqueous solution to the precipitated fat crystals for emulsification.
5.4.4 Liquid-liquid extraction liquid - liquid solvent extraction The use of oils, fatty acids and esters in different degrees of solvent dissolution method.
5.4.5 Distillation The method of fractionation using the difference in vapor pressures of various fatty acids with different numbers of carbon atoms.
5.4.6 Fatty acid distillation A method of obtaining high-purity fatty acids from mixed fatty acids.
5.4.7 Molecular distillation Vacuum distillation is performed at a residual pressure in the range of 10 ** -4 to 10 ** -1 mmHg.
6 Physical and chemical characteristics of oils and fats
6.1 油脂的化学特性chemical characteristics of oils and fats
6.1.1 酸值acid value 亦称“酸价”。中和1g油脂(试样)中所含游离脂肪酸需要的氢氧化钾毫克数，是油脂质量的主要指标之一。
6.1.2 游离脂肪酸含量free fatty acid content 油脂中游离脂肪酸占油脂总量的重量百分数，表示式FFA％。
6.1.3 中和值neutralisation value 亦称“中和价”。中和1g纯净脂肪酸所需氢氧化钾毫克数，可用于计算脂肪酸混合物的平均分子量。
6.1.4 皂化值saponification value 亦称“皂化价”。皂化1g油脂所需的氢氧化钾毫克数，可估计油脂中脂肪酸分子的平均分子量。
6.1.5 酯值ester number 皂化1g油脂中的酯所需氢氧化钾毫克数，系皂化值与酸值之差。
6.1.6 碘值iodine value 亦称“碘价”。在规定条件下与100g油脂发生加成反应所需碘的克数。
6.1.7 硫氰值thiocyanic value 100g油脂在硫氰作用下，所结合的硫氰量换算成当量碘的克数。
6.1.8 乙酰值acetyl value 1g乙酰化了的样品水解后产生乙酸，中和此乙酸所需要的氢氧化钾毫克数，可表示油脂中羟基酸含量。
6.1.9 羟基值hydroxyl value 将1g油脂乙酰化、水解此酰化物产生乙酸，中和此乙酸所需用的氢氧化钾毫克数。
6.1.10 过氧化值peroxide value 每1000g油脂中过氧化物毫克当量数。
6.1.11 不皂化物含量unsaponifiable matter content 油脂中不皂化物占总量的重量百分数。用定量的溶剂(乙醚、石油醚)进行浸出，再从浸出物中除去混入的脂肪酸，这种浸出物对样品的百分率即称之。
6.1.12 瑞修-迈色值(水溶性挥发脂肪酸值)至波仑斯克值(水不溶性挥发脂肪酸值) Reichert-Meissl value and Polenske value 在规定条件下，中和从5g 油样中分离出的水溶性挥发脂肪酸所需要的0.1N碱水溶液的毫克数即瑞修-迈色值。在同样条件下，中和从5g 油样中分离出来的水不溶性挥发脂肪酸所需要的0.1N 碱水溶液的毫克数为波仑斯克值。
6.1.13 羰基值carbonyl value 羰基化合物和2·4- 二硝基苯肼在碱性溶液中反应的红色产物在440μm下的吸光度。以meq/kg表示。
6.1.14 加热试验heating test 将油样50克于100 mL烧杯中加热至280℃时，观察有无析出物和油色深浅情况，以判断油脂中磷脂含量是否符合标准的简易方法。 6.1.15 耐热试验anti-heating test 取油样50g放于带盖器皿中，放入63℃±0.5℃的烘箱里加热，每到规定时间，通过检查气味过氧化值、重量增加等项目。可知对氧化的稳定程度。
6.1.16 稳定性试验stability test 在严密控制的条件下，向油脂样品充气，使过氧化值达100(以活性氧毫克当量／每千克脂肪计)时所需要的时间。
6.1.17 氧化酸值oxidizing acid value 在规定条件下，油脂中不溶于乙烷而溶于乙醇的物质占油样重量的百分比。
6.1.18 P-茴香胺值P- anisidine value 1.00g油在100 mg试剂和溶剂混合液(按规定方法)中，使用1cm的比色槽测得的光密度的100倍的值。
6.1.19 全氧化值total oxidation value P-茴香胺值加上两倍的过氧化值之和。
6.2 油脂的物理特性physical characteristies of oils and fats
6.2.1 比重specific gravity 油温20℃的植物油脂的重量与同体积水温4℃蒸馏水的重量之比。
6.2.2 透明度transparency 油脂透过光线的能力，用比色管观察所得，以“透明”、“微浊”、“混浊”表示。
6.2.3 色泽colour 油脂中本身带有的颜色。主要来自于油料种籽中的油溶性色色素，国际上常用罗维朋比色计法检测。
6.2.4 气味、滋味odour and taste 油脂固有的气味和滋味，通过感观进行鉴定。
6.2.5 折光指数refractive index 光线从空气中射入样品时，光线入射角与折射角的正弦之比。
6.2.6 熔点melting point 油脂由固态溶化成液态的温度，即固相和液相蒸汽压相等时的温度。
6.2.7 凝固点freezing point 油脂冷却凝固时，由溶解潜热引起温度上升的最高点。
6.2.8 固体脂指数(SFI) solid fat index 利用指数表示各种温度下油脂中固体脂所占的比率，是决定油脂硬度的指标。
6.2.9 针入度penetratipn 用针入度仪检验固体脂的硬度的值。
6.2.10 脂酸冻点titer 油样皂化分解得到的脂肪酸的凝固点。
6.2.11 浊点cloud point 指油样开始混浊时的温度。
6.2.12 冷冻试验refrigeration test 将油样置于0℃恒温条件下保持一定的时间, 观察其澄清度,不混浊、无固体脂析出者为合格品。
6.2.13 烟点smoking point 把油样进行加热至开始发烟时的温度。
6.2.14 闪点flash-point 把开始发烟的油脂继续加热至油脂表面温度能够燃起火花,但不能连续燃烧时的温度。
6.2.15 燃点burning-point，fire pint 油脂已达到可以连续燃烧的温度。
6.2.16 溶解性试验dissolvability test，dissolubitity test 检验油脂是否溶解于乙醇以及冰醋酸的一种观察方法。
6.2.17 加热着色试验heating colouration test 在规定的条件下加热油脂，用标准色度计测定色度的方法。
6.2.18 干燥试验drying test 测定油脂到达固化干燥的时间。
7 技术经济指标technological production target
7.1 出油率oil yield 油料经加工所得过滤毛油重量占所耗用毛料重量的百分率。
毛油重量出油率(%) = ────── × 100
耗用毛料重量
7.2 出油效率oil yield effieiency 出油率与毛料含油率之比，折合成百分率。
出油率出油效率(%) = ──────× 100
毛料含油率
7.3 出饼(粕)率cake(meal)yield 油料经加工后所得饼(粕)的重量占所耗用毛料重量的百分率。
油饼(粕)重量出饼(粕)率(%) = ─────── × 100
耗用毛料重量
7.4 干饼(粕)残油率dry cake (meal)residual oil rate 油料加工后，残留在干饼(粕)中油脂占饼(粕)的重量百分率。
饼(粕)中油酯重量干饼(粕)残油率(%)= ──────────────
饼(粕)重量×[1-饼(粕)水分%]
7.5 油分总损失total oil loss 亦称“油分总损耗”。毛料含油率与出油率之差,油分总损失(%)=含油率(%)-出油率(%)。
7.6 精炼率refining yield 精炼油占所耗用过滤毛油的重量百分率(％)。
精炼油重量精炼率(%) = ──────× 100
过滤毛油重量
7.7 炼耗酸价比refining loss per acid value 每百份毛油精炼时的炼耗与精炼前后酸价之差之比值。
每百份毛油炼耗炼耗酸价比= ──────────
毛油酸价- 精油酸价
7.8 炼耗oil refining loss 过滤毛油与精炼油重量之差与过滤毛油重量之比，折成百分率。
过滤毛油重量- 精炼油重量炼耗(%) = ─────────────× 100
过滤毛油重量= 1 - 精炼率
7.9 威森损失wesson loss 毛油中所含全部杂质与毛油重量之比，折成百分率。
7.10 煤耗coal consumption 加工一吨毛料或精炼一吨毛油所耗用的标准煤千克数。
耗用标准煤量(千克)
煤耗(千克/吨料或吨毛油) = ──────────
毛料(或毛油)重量(吨)
7.11 电耗power consumption 加工一吨毛料或精炼一吨毛油所耗用的电度数。
耗用电量(度)
电耗(度/吨料或吨毛油) = ──────────
毛料(或毛油)重量(吨)
7.12 汽耗steam consumption 加工一吨毛料或精炼一吨毛油所耗用的蒸汽千克数。
耗用蒸汽量(千克)
汽耗(千克/吨料或吨毛油) = ──────────
毛料(或毛油)重量(吨)
7.13 水耗water consumption 加工一吨毛料或精炼一吨毛油所耗用水的吨数。
耗用水量(千克)
水耗(吨/吨料或毛油) = ──────────
毛料(或毛油)重量(吨)
7.14 溶剂损耗solvent loss 浸出一吨毛油(预榨饼)所损耗的溶剂千克数。
溶剂损耗重量(千克)
溶剂损耗(千克/吨料或吨饼) = ──────────
毛料(或预榨饼)重量(吨)
7.15 油米比oil rice ratio 加工每百千克大米所得米糠用以制油所得过滤米糠油的千克数。
过滤米糠油重量(千克)
油米比= ──────────× 100
大米重量(千克)
7.16 碘价氢耗比hydrogen loss per iodine value 每吨油降低1个碘价所耗用的氢气量，单位Nm**3。
7.17 溶剂残留量residual solvent content in oil (meal) 每千克成品油(粕)中残留的溶剂毫克数。
附录A 汉语拼音索引

B
白土定量装置4.7.6 板框压滤机4.3.6
半连续式脱臭设备4.8.7 包饼2.2.2
剥壳-分离组合机1.3.16 剥壳率1.3.20
比重6.2.1 表面冷凝3.5.2
并肩泥的清选1.1.5 不皂化物4.2.15
不皂化物含量6.1.11
C
醇4.2.10 醇解5.2.2
磁选1.1.3 磁选装置1.1.11
粗磷脂油脚4.4.8 粗棕油2.5.14
粗棕油纯化2.5.15 催化剂5.1.5
催化剂配料罐5.1.9 催化剂中毒5.1.8
层碟式汽提塔3.3.13 长管蒸发器3.3.8
超碱量4.6.5 炒料2.4.1
沉淀4.3.1 衬圈2.3.7
齿辊破碎机1.4.1 出饼(粕)率7.3
出粕格3.2.18.8 出油率7.1
出油效率7.2 吹净2.4.3
D
对辊式轧胚机1.6.1.2 多联打筛1.1.7
碟式离心机4.4.4 定向酯-酯互换5.2.6
冬化4.9.1 搭桥3.2.19
大豆低温脱溶设备3.5.17 大气冷凝器3.5.8
单级螺旋榨油机2.3.1 蛋白质4.2.6
刀板1.3.7 刀板剥壳机1.3.4
刀板转鼓1.3.5 刀板座1.3.6
刀笼剥壳机1.3.9