鹌鹑The abbreviation 鹑, which belongs to the family of birds, chicken-shaped head, stork family, and genus of genus, is a kind of small figure in the shape of stork. Ebara is a kind of wild bird that has gradually become a kind of poultry after long-term artificial domestication. The meat and eggs that are processed into a variety of foods are sold in the market. They are one of the most popular foods. They are rich in nutrients, high in protein, low in cholesterol, and they are tender and rich in amino acids. It also has a lot of medicinal value, is a nationally recognized precious food and tonic, known as "animal ginseng" reputation. Powder
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Since the introduction of alfalfa breeding, China has established breeding bases in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. All provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions except the Tibet Autonomous Region have their own rearing. At present, China has an annual population of about 200 million, accounting for one-fifth of world production, and it has become the world’s largest conservation country.
The quail breeding has less investment, quick effect, and less land occupation. Moreover, it has high fertility, high egg production, high feed repayment, and intensive feeding. It is not only suitable for family management, but also suitable for industrialization and industrial production. Ten years of development has formed a characteristic industry that is second only to chickens and ducks, and has broad prospects for development.
First, the biological characteristics of earthworms The domesticated earthworms were domesticated by the wild grasshoppers. After a long period of genetic improvement, the family grasshoppers and the wild grasshoppers have been greatly different.
(I) Morphological features Wild crickets live in the grasslands of plains, hills, swamps, lakes, and streams, and sometimes in shrubs. Like to nest in the grass on the water, sometimes under the bushes nest, the nest structure is simple, generally digging a shallow pit on the ground, covered with fine grass or plant leaves, etc., the mat within the nest is about 1.5 cm thick, is very soft , about 10 cm in diameter, laying eggs 7 to 14, eggs are tan. It feeds primarily on plant seeds, young shoots, and shoots, and sometimes eats insects and invertebrates.
In terms of body shape, body weight, appearance, feather color, feather shape, production performance, adaptability, and behavior, family cubs are different from wild pheasants. Due to the different cultivation purposes, the appearance of the family furniture is also different due to the variety, strain, matching system, and product group. If the color is feathery, the feathers of the family are mostly chestnut brown, also known as wild colors, but also have black, white, yellow and variegated feathers. The colored feather maggot breeds, the feather color system is made up of three different pigments of yellow, black and red, and the white feather species is caused by no pigment. Variegated feathers are mostly hybrids or ancestral phenomena, or traits formed by separation. Its shape is spindle-shaped, its head is small, its ridges are slender and pointed, and there are no crowns, centipedes, and distances. The tail feathers are short and drooping. The artificially-raised Mekong wolfberry weighs 110 to 120 grams; the mother weighs 140 to 150 grams.
(b) Living habits
1. The biological characteristics of wild family and wild pheasants still vary greatly, but some wild pheasants' behavioral habits have been preserved, such as being able to fly short distances, hi jumping and walking, and singing. In particular, the public voice is loud, responsive, and aggressive. There are sometimes wild acts such as fighting in the mother's cockroach.
2. Characteristics of sexual maturation and maturation were earlier. Generally, females were born at 5 to 7 weeks of age, males were born at 1 month of age, and mating behavior was observed after 45 days of age. The habit of brooding and nesting has disappeared in the process of artificial domestication, and the progeny rely on artificial hatching. The artificial incubation period is only 18 days, and it can breed 4 to 5 times in one year.
3, the metabolism of strong domesticated quail joy, constantly feeding, defecation per hour 2 to 4 times. Its metabolism is more prosperous than other poultry, its body temperature is high and constant, its body temperature is 40.5~42°C in adulthood, its heart rate is 150~220 times per minute, and its respiratory frequency is greatly affected by changes in room temperature.
4, adaptability and disease resistance can adapt to different environmental conditions, there is a strong vitality and strong tolerance, resistance to disease is stronger, suitable for high density cage, easy to intensive production.
5. The growth of heat-tolerant chills and the production of eggs both require higher temperatures, preferring to live in a warm and dry environment, and poor adaptability to cold and humid environments.鹌鹑 The suitable ambient temperature range is 20~28°C and the optimal egg production temperature is 24~25°C. When the temperature is lower than 10°C, the production of eggs drops sharply or even stops production and hair loss occurs. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, appetite decreases, egg production decreases, and eggshells become thin and fragile.
6. Responsive, lively, full of nervousness, very sensitive to any surrounding stimuli, prone to disturbances, panic attacks, etc., and require a quiet environment.
7. The spouse's characteristics are mostly one-male and one-male single spouse systems. Only one male cockroach can be mated with multiple cockroaches in the case of surplus mother cockroach, and it is generally advisable to use no more than three cockroaches. Mother-family eggs are mostly concentrated in the afternoon to evening, with the most at 3 to 4 in the afternoon. Male and female lice have strong mateability, and mating is mostly compulsory, and the fertility rate is generally not too high. Male mast gland hypertrophy, when released into the mating state, secretes a mucous-like foam and exhibits a strong courtship behavior.
8, eating a wide range of taste sensitive, more love for sweet and sour, very sensitive to feed changes. Dietary complexity, strong digestion, high feed utilization. In particular, they like to eat pellets, cereals as the staple food, green feed, insects, food industry by-products, seafood, etc. can be fed. At the same time, because the family crickets have stricter requirements on the full price of feed than chickens, crickets occur more often than chickens, and fighting and trauma are also more serious than chickens.
Under normal circumstances, quails eat and drink frequently in the morning and evening, each time is short, and the number of meals in the afternoon is less, the interval is longer. Therefore, it is the period of the day's largest food intake within about 3 hours before dawn and before dark.
9. Feathers change seasonally mainly in Japan and artichokes, with summer feathers and winter feathers.
(1) Xia Yu: The male's forehead, both sides of the head, and the throat are brick-red; the head, the occipital region, the back of the neck, and the back and shoulders are dark brown with white stripes or light yellow stripes; two wings are large Some are light yellow, olive, with yellow and white spots between; abdomen feathers do not change in winter and summer, are gray.
Mother feather summer plume dry lines mostly yellow-white, frontal, head side, jaw, throat are mostly gray, chest dark brown spots can be seen, the belly feathers are gray or pale yellow.
(2) Winter Feathers: Feathers on the forehead, both sides of the head, and the throat are changed from brick red to brown; the back front feathers are light yellow-brown and the back feathers are brown. The color of wing feathers does not change in winter and summer. The winter feathers of females are basically the same as those of summer feathers, but the brown-yellow part of the back feathers increases and the color deepens.
10, Xisha bath 鹌鹑 鹌鹑 love sand bath, even in the cage conditions, if not set sand bath, will use wolfberry infusion powder spread on the body for sand bath, or sand bath in the trough.
11. The sound of adult cicadas The cry of cicadas is high and bright, usually with three consecutive loud sounds. The length of the first paragraph is medium, followed by short ones, and finally it is a lengthy cry. When squeaking, he often stands upright, heads his neck, and his chest rises. The mother's whisper sounds like a low back, such as a buzzing sound, and it usually shows two short sounds.
Second, the eggs used for cricket varieties can be divided into two types: egg white quail and meat quail quail depending on economical use. Among them egg white quail include Chinese white plague, Japanese quail, artichoke, French white plague, and Estonian pupa.
1. Chinese White Feather and Chinese Feather White Feather is a new breed of white feathers and feathers produced by a joint breeding farm of Beijing Breeding Company, China Agricultural University and Nanjing Agricultural University. White feather pure (recessive) body like artichoke, white body plume, occasional yellow streak, mother-infant looks pale yellow spots. Carcass skin is white or light yellow and looks beautiful. With the characteristics of genetic association, it is the male parent of the male and female accessory system. Beijing breeding farm breeding performance: adult female body weight of about 130 ~ 140 grams, 40 to 50 days old production, the average annual egg production 265, the average egg production rate of 75% to 80%, egg weight 11.5 ~ 13.5 grams, There are plaques and spots on the eggshells, and 23 to 25 grams of quail per day. The ratio of eggs to eggs was 2.73:1, and the mating age was 90 to 300 days. The fertilization rate was 90%.
2. Japan, Japan, and Japan are one of the world's leading standard egg-type eggs, and they are important gene pools for quail species. Feather chestnut brown, dark brown head, the central light-colored ruled lines, back auburn, evenly spread with yellow straight stripes and dark stripes, belly lighter color. The male mandarin face, mandible, and throat are russet and the chest feathers are brick-red; the mother-in-law face is pale brown, the mandible is gray-white, and the chest feathers are light brown in color with black spots ranging from chicken heart-like thickness. The chest color of the male chest is reddish, and the mother's chest has black spots on the chest. It has the characteristics of small size, low material consumption, early sexual maturity and high egg production. The primary chicks are 6-7 grams, adult males weigh about 110 grams, and females weigh about 140 grams. Daily intake of 25 to 30 grams / only, 35 to 40 days of age, 250 to 300 eggs per year, egg weight of about 10.5 grams, the average egg production rate of up to 80%. Egg fertilization rate of 75% to 80%, fertilized egg hatching rate of 70% to 80%.
3. Artichokes are selected by North Korea through the separation and isolation of Japanese oysters. Most of the artichokes reared in China were imported from North Korea's Longcheng and Huangcheng. After being introduced into China, they were reared and bred for several years by the breeding company of Beijing Breeding Company, and their uniformity and production performance have been greatly improved. At present, it has become the dominant species of egg tarts in the breeding industry in China. The feathers are taupe and mixed with black stripe feathers. The feathers are similar to the Japanese badger. The body weight is slightly larger than that of a Japanese cockroach. Adult males weigh 125-130 grams, while females weigh about 150 grams (a large body weighs 160-180 grams). It has fast growth, early sexual maturity, about 270~280 eggs, average egg weight about 11.5~12 grams, and plaques or spots on the eggshell.
4. French white feathers and white feathers are bred by the French Breeding Center. The body plumage is white, adult weight 140 grams, 40 days of production, the average egg production rate of 75%; up to 80%, the average egg weight 11 grams.
5. The recessive Yellow Feather of Nannong was developed from the mutant individuals discovered at the breeding farm of Nanjing Agricultural University and cultivated. The body feather was light yellow, and its body weight and body weight were similar to that of artichokes. Its egg production rate and disease resistance exceeded North Korea. quail. The peak egg production rate reached 93% to 95%, and the average egg production reached 83%.
6. The Estonian love for the body of the Elena is the same as that of the dark brown. The male's chest has a merle in the front of the chest, and the female's chest is dark brown with a black spot. The body is short-necked and short-tailed, with a slightly higher front and a peak. Females are 10% to 12% heavier than males, flying ability and no nesting. This breed is an egg and meat-use alfalfa variety. Its main production performance is 315 eggs per year, 165 eggs in the first 6 months, and egg production rate of 91%. The average egg production rate is 86%. The average annual egg production The amount of 3.8 kg, the average opening date of 47 days. Adults consume 28.6 grams of material per day and consume 2.62 kilograms of egg per kilogram. The average live weight per kg body weight of meat was 2.83 kilograms. The average live weight at 35 days of age was 140 grams for males and 150 grams for females. The average total net weight was 90 grams for males and 100 grams for females. At 47 days of age, the average live weight was 170 grams for males and 190 grams for females; the average total net weight was 120 grams for males and 130 grams for females.
Third, the feeding value of earthworms is characterized by rapid growth, strong adaptability, resistance to roughage, early maturation, high egg production, low material consumption, and short growth cycle. It is a kind of poultry with high economic value.
1. The main purpose of economical value is for people to use, quail eggs and quail meat are precious nourishing foods for children with hoarding, nephritis edema, bronchial asthma, coughing, diphtheria, back pain, tuberculosis, gastritis, dysmenorrhea, The symptoms of dizziness caused by high birth weight and high blood pressure are associated with the use of Chinese herbal medicines such as wolfberry fruit, Chinese wolfberry fruit, Eucommia ulmoides, adzuki bean, and white peony.
Feeding crickets has small investment, quick effect and short production cycle. After more than 40 days of feeding, the meat carcass can be put on the market for sale. In addition to the cost of recycling, the net income of each meat carcass is 6 cents. Egg tarts start early, there are more eggs and the cash flow is faster. Generally, 35 to 49 days before the beginning of egg production, there will be economic income. Each egg tart raises 2 yuan for feeding a laying cycle.
2. Nutritional value Compared with eggs, quail eggs have nutritional value over 3 times that of eggs. In quail eggs, protein ratios account for 60.4% to 60.8%, egg yolks 31% to 31.4%, eggshells 7.2% to 7.4%, and inner shell membranes 1%. The egg shell is thin, but the structure is tight, the inner shell membrane is tougher than the eggs, and it is not bad in the hot summer storage for 50 to 60 days, and the eggs are more resistant to storage.
The meat is delicious and nutritious. Its meat contains up to 21.2% protein. It also contains a variety of vitamins and minerals as well as lecithin, hormones and many essential amino acids. It is typically high in protein, low in fat and low in fat. Cholesterol food.
3, medicinal value Chinese medicine believes that quail eggs, sweet, flat, non-toxic, into the heart, liver, lung, stomach, kidney, there is blood, repose, kidney, Yifei, lower blood pressure effect. Modern scientific research shows that quail eggs are rich in lecithin, a variety of vitamins and choline that are beneficial to the human body, and have an adjuvant effect on the treatment of stomach, lung, neurasthenia, and heart disease. Fat and quail eggs, and salt, sugar, rice wine and other condiments. The main purpose of wolfberry is for people to use, quail eggs and quail meat is a precious nourishing food, for children with hoarding, nephritis, edema, bronchial asthma, cough for a long time, diphtheria, back pain, tuberculosis, gastritis, dysmenorrhea, no more than fetal clothing and high Blood pressure caused by dizziness and other diseases, use wolfberry and gardenia, Eucommia, Adzuki bean, white peony and other Chinese herbs in combination with a good therapeutic effect.
4. Ideal experimental animals Because of its advantages such as short incubation period, small size, low material consumption, good sensitivity, early maturation, fast replacement, etc., it is an ideal experimental animal. It is often tested by genetics, nutrition, disease control, histology, embryology, and pharmacology.
5. Can be used for hunting objects Because of the country's protection of wildlife, hunting enthusiasts can't violate the wildlife protection law, but when they can be raised to fly, they can be put into hunting grounds for hunting.
It can be seen that quail breeding has a strong development prospect and it is recognized by the international poultry industry that it will become one of the pillar industries of the 21st century poultry industry.
IV. Preliminary preparations for investment and breeding
1. Preparation of the site The site of the site can generally be converted and reconstructed from the original private house. It is better to set the roof to the concrete floor. The large market should be designed and demonstrated.
2. Preparation of equipment The main equipment for breeding aquaculture is a cage. At present, there is no stereotyped product, which can be made in accordance with different growth stages.
(1) Chickling cage: It is mainly used for 1 to 3 weeks old chicks.
(2) Aberdeen cage: for 3 to 6 weeks old (with seedlings) for use (with fattening), which can be used with young chicks, and has the same structure as that of pupa. Chickling brooding cages can also be used to set up troughs and sinks outside the cage. Single layer or 3 to 4 layers can be sprayed with iron cage metal galvanized moving mesh panels, and the bottom of the net is designed to support the droppings.
(3) Clam Cage: It is mainly used for feeding production clams.
(4) Breeding cage: It is used exclusively for production of eggs, and specifications are made according to the variety, ratio, and use. Be moderately spacious to ensure proper mating, feeding, drinking, and reducing egg breakage.
3, the preparation of technology can be self-study through books, newspapers, magazines, you can also visit the farm field study to enrich their breeding technology.
4. Preparation of feed The raw materials for breeding and feed are easy to solve, mainly to master the formula of feed.
5, introduction of the introduction of the introduction of a comprehensive, multi-faceted understanding of the source of goods, to master the relevant basic knowledge, to have a seedling business qualifications of the unit to buy, adhere to the principle of quality, price, than the service, the quality of a good seed , processing off, structure off.