Apple orchard management in high temperature and high humidity season

High temperature and high humidity season, high temperature, high humidity, climatic conditions conducive to the spread of pests and diseases, prevention and control of pests caused by the critical period. At the same time, the new shoots of apple trees have also entered the second prosperous period, and fruit development has entered into the period of enlargement. It is a management focus of the period to do a good job of controlling the tree vigor and promoting the good development of young fruit.

First, strengthen fertilizer and water management

1. The top dressing of apple trees should be determined according to varieties, fruiting amounts, and previous fertilization conditions. It is possible to apply topdressing phosphorus and potash fertilizers with emphasis on potash fertilizer, depending on the tree. On the other hand, early-maturing Chinese cultivars No.8 and No.1 were top-dressed in early July, and Fuji apples were chased once every month from mid-July to mid-August. Since July and August are in the rainy season, if the weather is not dry, water can not be used to fertilize with rainfall.

2, spraying foliar fertilizer in July and August combined with spraying foliar phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron fertilizer, etc., to increase the fruit's sugar content, promote coloring, reduce the fruit's physiological disease has an important role. Commonly used fertilizers are superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, ash, and ferrous sulfate. In the production, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride are mostly used in combination, and the concentration of total salt (the total percentage of soluble fertilizer) is not more than 0.5%.

3, orchard drainage, weeding in the rainy season orchards can not be a long time, or affect the orchard soil permeability and root growth of apple trees. After the rainfall, it must be drained in time to keep the orchard soil moisture relatively stable. After watering or raining, plan to remove the weeds in time.

Second, regulate the tree potential

In July and August, it is suitable for the vegetative growth of apple trees, especially the early-fruiting young trees and fruit-bearing mature trees. The unripe growth of summer and autumn shoots, if left unchecked, will affect flower bud differentiation, resulting in nutrient loss, tree-like disorder, and lowering. Fruit quality, therefore, according to the age of the tree, tree vigor, results, etc., take appropriate measures to regulate and maintain a strong tree growth. It is generally sprayed with 150-00 times of paclobutrazol in the upper and middle of July. For the young saplings without fruiting or fruiting, the circumcision of the second trunk or main branch can be carried out at the beginning of July. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job in summer pruning. The focus is to eliminate standing erect branches on the back, long branches inside the branches, branches and branches of the branches, and useless branches that affect the light, and twist the branches slowly to achieve control. , improve lighting conditions, promote fruit development and flower bud formation purposes.

Third, to prevent apple sunburn

The victim's apple showed a dehydration and scorch on the surface of the sun, resulting in reddish-brown and near-circular spots. The spots gradually expanded to form dark brown spots with yellowish halos around the apple, which seriously affected the value of the apples. July and August are the key periods for preventing sunburn.

1. When water is drowning in time, it should be immediately watered to reduce the occurrence of sunburn.

2, the tree plate cover in the high temperature and drought before the advent of the tree plate covered with a layer of straw, straw, or wheat bran, etc., can not only protect the earthworms, but also reduce the temperature, can prevent sunburn disease.

3, the fruit surface covered in the fruit surface prone to sunburn disease Yang surface coverage of large leaf area of ​​tung tree leaves, castor leaf or broadleaf grass, etc., can reduce direct exposure to the sun, reduce the incidence of sunburn.

4, paste the white paper on the positive surface of sunburn fruit prone with emollient oil paste a white paper, can reflect the sun, prevent sunburn.

5. Spray lime milk Apply a layer of lime milk on the apple's positive side, which can reflect light, prevent burning, and kill bacteria.

6. In the late July-August, spray Meifengfeng Qirui amino acid fertilizer 400 times 2-3 times, each time for 15 days, which can not only increase drought resistance, reduce sunburn, but also promote fruit development and improve fruit quality. Make the flower buds full the following year.

7. Spraying water in the evening with spraying The water can be sprayed on the crown to reduce sunburn when the sun is setting or when it is inclined.

IV. Pest Control

1. Insect Pest Control This issue focuses on the prevention and control of diseases such as spider mites, leaf miners, leaf roller moths, apple aphid, and rotenone, anthracnose, and early defoliation diseases. Prevention of red and white spiders should be based on the local temperature, rainfall and occurrence of timely medication, commonly used drugs 1.8% avermectin EC 4000 times, 5% stuck Ke EC 1000 times, 20% net suspension suspended 2000 Doubling liquid, 5% Nissorene EC or 25% DBL WP and ECG EC 2000 times. Leaf miners and leaf roller moths should be used for prevention in May and June and should be re-medicated in early July. The commonly used drugs are: 25% Diflubenzuron No. 3 glue suspension 1500 times, 1.8% Avermectin EC 5,000 times Liquid, 2.5% kung fu or 3,000-fold solution of cypermethrin; apple cotton gills used 48% of Loester EC 1000x.

2. Disease prevention and control In July and August, it is another crucial period to prevent the occurrence of ringworm disease, anthrax, and early defoliation. In the use of drugs, the bactericide and protection agent should be used interchangeably. Generally, protective bactericide is used before rain. After the rain, spray the fungicide in time. The production of more full bag cultivation, should focus on the prevention and treatment of early defoliation, usually in mid-July, early August and late August each spray 1 drug, the effective agent is: 1:2:200-240 Bordeaux mixture , 50% carbendazim WP 800-1000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times, 70% or 80% Mancozeb WP 600-800 times, 50% sea Due to 1000 times liquid, 10% of polyoxophosphonate 1000 times and so on. The use of Bordeaux mixture and one of the above fungicides alternately works well, and Bordopol is usually sprayed every 20-25 days. The Fuji apple orchard was sprayed three times in June-August and was deactivated in September to avoid affecting coloration.

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