On August 4, readers of the county of Shaanxi Province called the newspaper to report that after a period of heavy rain in the previous period, the local area of ​​pear orchard broke out in a large area recently, and some even approached the destruction of the garden. The fruit growers were very anxious. In this case, the reporter interviewed. Professor Lu Pinghui of the Northwest Forestry University of Agriculture and Forestry Professor Lu Pinghui gave guidance to the majority of farmers on the prevention and treatment of pear black spot disease. symptom The main feature of the black fungus layer in the Pear Disease Department is its main feature. The earliest onset of germination results in dark green moldy, the bud scales are not easy to fall off, and diseased buds can die. Leaf disease produces irregular lesions and grows black moldy material. Pears can be infested by young fruit to mature stage. After the disease develops, small yellow spots appear, and the mold layer grows and grows. Sometimes it does not produce moldy layer and it forms clerodendrons. The pulp in the diseased part hardens, the crater cracks, and when the new shoot senses, it produces a spot with a slightly raised legume size and produces a layer of black mold, which is later sunken and cracked. Disease rule (1) The pear black spot pathogenic bacteria in the form of hyphae and gowns are overwintering in sick bud scales, diseased leaves, and diseased fruits. 2 In spring, new shoots were taken from the diseased shoots. The first occurrence of the flower organ became the source of the first infestation. It was transmitted to the nearby leaves and fruits by wind and rain, and new robes spread and spread. Therefore, the number of diseases is closely related to the incidence of the year. 3 Infection can occur multiple times in a year, and high temperature and high humidity are favorable conditions for the onset. Prevention 1 The plant is densely planted, creating an open, airy and transparent tree. 2 Do a good job in sparse fruit thinning in the early stage, control the quality of production, maintain a reasonable load, maintain a strong tree vigor and prevent premature aging of the tree. 3 The application of farm manure, appropriate nitrogen application, and application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace elements have obvious effects on improving the disease resistance of trees. 4 Change flood irrigation to shallow ditch irrigation, properly control water, discharge water in time, and pay attention to cultivating and weeding. 5 Thoroughly clearing the garden is an important measure to control the incidence of pear black spot disease. Clear the garden after harvesting fruits and leaves, remove pests and diseases, cut off pests and branches, and burn or bury them deeply. 6 Disinfect people or tools that enter the sick garden to prevent disease in healthy orchards. 7 Infected orchard drug selection DuPont Fuxing, continuous play 2 to 3 times, interval 12 days. In addition, Lu Ping will remind farmers to avoid hitting drugs in the first half of the fruit's mature sale and prevent the products from being listed on the market. Urine analyzer is an automated instrument for determining certain chemical components in urine. It is an important tool for automated urine inspection in medical laboratories. This instrument has the advantages of simple and fast operation. However, improper use of urine analyzers and many intermediate links and influencing factors directly affect the accuracy of automated analysis results, which will not only cause errors in experimental results, but even delay diagnosis. Therefore, operators are required to understand the principles, performance and precautions of automated instruments. And the knowledge of influencing factors and other aspects are fully understood, and the correct use of automated instruments can make the results obtained by the urine analyzer more reliable and accurate. Medical Urine Analyzer,Semi Automatic Urine Analyzer,Urine Analyzer and Strips,Accurate Urine Analyzer Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.jilinsinoscience.com
application
In the 1950s, a single dry chemical test strip method was used to measure protein and glucose in urine, and the changes in the color of the test strip were observed with the naked eye and compared with the standard plate to obtain the corresponding values. In the 1980s, due to the high development and widespread use of computer technology, automated urine analyzers also developed rapidly, gradually developing from semi-automatic to fully-automated. Urine analyzers are often divided into two categories according to the test items: â‘ 8-11 screening combined urine test strips mainly used for newly diagnosed patients and health examinations. The eight test items included protein, glucose, PH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells (occult blood) and nitrite; in addition to the above eight tests, urine leukocyte test was added to the nine test items. On the basis of 9 of the 10 urine analyzer testing items, the urine specific density test was added. 11 testing items have added vitamin C testing. â‘¡It is mainly used for the observation of the curative effect of the diagnosed diseases, such as the combination test strip of PH, protein and occult blood (red blood cells) for kidney disease; the combination test strip of PH, sugar and ketone body for diabetes; the combination of bilirubin and urobilinogen for liver disease test tape.
principle
This type of instrument is generally controlled by a microcomputer, and the color change on the test strip is measured semi-quantitatively by using a spherical integrator to receive dual-wavelength reflected light. There are several reagent pads containing various reagents on the reagent strip, each of which reacts independently with the corresponding components in the urine, and displays different colors. The depth of the color is proportional to a certain component in the urine, and there is another in the reagent strip" Compensation pad", as the urine background color, compensates for the errors caused by colored urine and instrument changes.
Put the reagent strip with urine adsorbed in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have produced chemical reactions on the reagent strip are illuminated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical analyzer, and the photocell of the spherical analyzer is reflected. Irradiate with dual-wavelength light (measurement light passing through the filter and a reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item.
The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the following formula, and then compares it with the standard curve, and automatically finds and prints the corresponding results of various components. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad is dark, otherwise it is strong.
Reflectance fraction: R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%
In the formula, R(%) is the reflectivity; Tm is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the measurement wavelength; Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the calibration pair. Reflection intensity at the reference wavelength.