First, planting: Pomelo like warm, wet, need fertilizer, require deep and fertile soil, grapefruit should pay special attention to planted in the soil after the fertilizer is relatively rich, adequate soil moisture or water conditions are good places. 1, planting time. Generally suitable for the spring and autumn rainy season, the end of spring from the end of February to the end of April; fall from mid-September to mid-October. Conditional, other seasons can also be planted, but should not be planted under conditions of moderate winter drought. 2, planting density. Plant spacing 4x4 meters or 4x5 meters, generally about 40 acres, can also dwarf, close planting, acres planted 50-60 strains. 3, planting methods. (1) Dig 1 m square hole before planting, apply plenty of head machine fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, and return soil 20-30 cm above the ground. (2) When planting, gently place the seedlings in the holes, plant them in loose soil, compact the mud around the root group by hand, and expose the joints to the ground. (3) After the colonization, the womb plate should be raised 20 cm above the ground and the roots should be filled with water.
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Second, soil cultivation: 1, deep plowing expansion points, mature soil. Deeply turning over the soil and curing the soil must start from the establishment of the park and expand year by year. Saplings can be planted in the periphery of the planted ring ditch, deep plowing at different ages. In the adult grapefruit gardens, the ditch-shaped deep ditch can be formed on the periphery of the canopy, with a depth and width of about 0.5-0.7 meters. The manure and inorganic fertilizers such as green manure can be buried in layers, and can be deep-turned every other year, alternately, or per plant per year. 2, a large variety of green manure. Land use. Large amounts of green manure cover the ground, preventing erosion during the summer, reducing soil temperature, increasing air humidity, and suppressing weeds. At the same time, it can increase soil organic matter and increase soil fertility. If interplanting leguminous vegetables, vegetables, etc., can also increase the early benefits, its stems, broken branches and leaves fail to cover and turn into the soil, increasing soil organic matter. 3, cultivator soil. In combination with weeding during cultivating, the cultivating is usually carried out 3-4 times a year, that is, after fruit picking in winter, summer or autumn, combining sowing and intercropping with each cultivator. Seed tillage depth 10-15 cm (combined with sowing, appropriate deepening), the closer the shallow trunk, so as not to lose large roots, soil should be carried out before the advent of the dry season or after winter fruit picking. In the gentle slope zone, soil will be cultivated once in 3-4 years, once in another year when the slope is large and the erosion is serious.
Third, fertilization. The sapling trees are small and their roots are young and tender. They should be applied thinly. They can be applied 5-6 times a year. The result tree is generally applied with 4 times fertilization, that is, it is also used as a positive fertilizer, a stable fruit fertilizer and a strong fruit fertilizer. 1, also Yang Fei (basal fertilizer): Before and after fruit harvesting, its fertilization accounted for half of the annual fertilization, should apply a lot of green manure, compost, ring dung, cake fertilizer and other late-effect fertilizer, and with available nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. 2. Precipitating Fertilizer (Pre-flowering Fertilizer): It is usually conducted in February-March. This time, the fertilizer should be mainly available nitrogen fertilizer. The main application is human and animal manure, and appropriate application of urea. 3, stable fruit fertilizer: in the first half of the fruit drop in June before the application of available nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, can be applied decomposed human livestock manure, sprayed superphosphate 1% leachate. 4, strong fruit fertilizer: the application of the middle and late June, application of available nitrogen and phosphorus potassium fertilizer.
IV. Irrigation and drainage. The evergreen tree of evergreen tree has a large annual growth, a long fruiting period, a large leaf and large fruit, and has a high demand for water. The cultivated pomelo tree must be irrigated to ensure its water requirement. The irrigation needs to be determined according to the needs of the later stages of the pomelo tree and the drought conditions at that time. In general, the entire year's growth and development process requires the right amount of water, especially the spring bud and flowering period, the fruit growth period is the most sensitive, there are droughts and droughts, when irrigation must be carried out. Low-lying areas, high groundwater levels, or drainage during the rainy season, should be checked at any time during the rainy season or during rainy seasons. The drainage system of the orchard should be inspected in a timely manner to ensure smooth drainage.
Fifth, plastic trim. The pomelo tree has a strong tree vigor and a tall tree. In the young age, under the conditions of sufficient fertilizer and water, the apical dominance is strong, and the branch shoots grow upright. It is easy to form a trunk with a clear tree shape, and the new shoots are numerous and strong. As a result, the branches are causative and drooping. Curved downwards, causing the tree to form an umbrella, the light is not easy to penetrate into the interior of the crown and the fruit is small. The result of the teak tree is mostly in the interior of the canopy. It is a biennial non-leaf branch (commonly known as paw). According to the growth characteristics of pomelo tree, the production should use "change side trunk shape" and natural "fancy shape", dry height should be 40-60 cm, 30-40 cm between the main branches, a total of 5-6 master culture branch. When pruning teak, it should be “heavily on the top, light on the sides, heavy on the outside, and light on the insideâ€, that is, the branches and leaves are densely arranged around the crown, trimmed and sparsely trimmed, the top branches re-sheared, the internal branches are lightly trimmed, and the interior of the canopy is well lit. The results are numerous and of good quality. The more slender, leafless shoots on the lateral branches of the 3-4 year old inside the crown are excellent mother trees and must be preserved. If the circumference of the canopy is too long or disturbs the tree shape, which affects the balance of the tree branches, care should be taken in the thinning and cutting to achieve the purpose of ventilation and ventilation.
Six, pest control. There are many pests and diseases that cause harm to pomelo trees. The common pests are pupae, pupae, leaf leaf moths, and anthracnose. Prevention and control should be based on the characteristics of various diseases and the control of spraying pesticides. 1. From the end of February to the beginning of April, two consecutive sprayings are performed to prevent and control fleas. At the same time, in combination with the control of other pests, pesticides are used: insecticides + acaricides + fungicides. 2. Young fruit period after Xiehua From mid-May to late June, two consecutive sprayings are performed to prevent and control fleas. At the same time, in combination with other pests, pesticides are used: insecticides + fungicides. 3. In the middle of July to mid-September, it sprayed 3-4 times in a row to prevent and control mainly leaf miners, and also to treat phoenix butterflies, anthrax, etc., using pesticides: insecticides + fungicides. In mid-September to early-September, the second peak of the fleas category should be sprayed with 1-2 times of killing, while simultaneously treating other diseases and pests, using pesticides: insecticides + acaricides + fungicides. 5, spraying a lime sulfur agent in the garden in winter.
Insecticides can be used alternately, such as Lebenben, trichlorfon, chlorbenzole, and Dagongchen. The fungicide can be any one of carbendazim, thiophanate, and dexamethasone, etc. Alternating sprays such as stubble spirits should be applied evenly and thoroughly.
Grapefruit high quality and high yield cultivation management technology
1, Striking shoots, making shoots turn green. Prosperous trees sprayed 15% of spring shoots at 4-7 centimeters and paclobutrazol 600 times, making the spring shoots short and strong, and the inflorescences robust. The spring shoots were sprayed on the treetops with green Fenwei and promoted the leaves to green. 2, mulching, moisture will be warm. In summer and autumn, the high temperature of soil moisture evaporates, and the orchard lines are covered with plastic film or interplanted with low-vegetable, peanut, and leguminous crops. Summer high temperature, drought and moisture, inhibit weed growth, is conducive to the growth and development of pomelo tree, improve the yield of pomelo tree, increase the economic benefits of grapefruit garden. 3, timely pollination, improve fruit. (1) Artificial pollination chooses fine weather, picking out the flowers of the flowering pomelo tree, wrapping the pollen in white paper, wrapping it in a cloth bag and wrapping around the person's waist and wringing it around. After 24 hours, remove the pollen and add it. After mixing borax 0.1%, use a brush or a cotton swab to place it on the pomelo head. (2), insect pollination with 0.2% urea plus 0.3% sugar plus 1.2% bees sugar plus 98% clear water mixed, in the sunny morning 8-10 am, 3-4 pm with a miniature sprayer sprayed grapefruit stigma, continuous spray 2- 3 times, induces bees to pollinate and increase fruit set. 4, timely fruit thinning. When young fruit grows to large peas, the first thinning of fruit occurs, mainly sparsely removing small fruits, pests, and deformed fruit. Generally, 1-1.5 times the bearing capacity of the tree, when the fruit grows to the big finger, the second fruit thinning is performed. At this time, the fruit size required for fruit thinning is uniform and evenly distributed. 5, young fruit transfer. When the pomelo fruit grows to a large egg size, it cuts out the dense young fruit or double fruit and transfers it to the less-ordered branch, so that the nutrient supply is sufficient, the fruit is grown, and the yield is increased. 6, preserved fruit. In the bud stage spray canopy 0.1% green Fenwei foliar fertilizer plus 0.1% borax, plus 0.2% molybdate amine plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea mixed spray crown 2 times (once every 7 days); When three-quarters of the flower was spent, 1 bag of anti-dropping agent plus gibberellin 20x10-6 was sprayed on the canopy after being dissolved in alcohol; the fruit was dissolved in 1 g of alcohol with bacitrin (ba) and the water level was 200x10-6. From the middle of April to the beginning of May, apply a fruit gulp once, and from the late May to the middle of June, apply the fruit pedicle once more. 7, do a good job of disease prevention. (1) Prevention and treatment of bud buds After the emergence of adult feathers, the soil is flooded with 3% carbofuran granules in an amount of 0.8 kg and 25 kg in river sand to spread the ground. Spray the crown 1-2 times with 90% trichlorfon (or 80% dichlorvos emulsion) 600 times. Artificially remove the affected buds in time and scald with boiling water. (2)Prevention of warts and blows in the first and second generations of mid-May in the first half of the hatching season. Spraying Chai mixture 1-2 times, washing mixture (washing powder 0.5 parts + diesel 1 part) 80- 100 times or 40% speed smash emulsion 1500-2000 times liquid alternately. (3) Control red and yellow spiders. Use 5% Nissopol 2000 times plus 40% iridfosin 800 times or Keter 2000 times plus a small amount of diesel mixed spray canopy 1-2 times. (4) Dry in winter. 6 kg of quicklime, 1 kg of lime sulfur mixture solution, 1 kg of salt, 50 g of omethoate, and 15 kg of pomelo tree are used to prevent pests. 8, to strengthen fertilizer and water management. The saplings are mainly vegetatively grown during the sapling cultivating period, and the crowns of the early early plentiful cultivars are cultivated. Therefore, every year before and after the spring, summer, and autumn, each application of shooter fertilizer and strong shooter fertilizer applies 5-8 kg of peasant fertilizer and 0.1-0.2 kg of urea to the plant. After entering the result period, it is generally applied in early February. Spring fertilizer, strains of farmland fertilizer 50 kg plus urea 0.3-0.4 kg. In the middle of May, the fruit fertilizer was applied stably. The plants were treated with 0.1% Linfenfen foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times or 0.2% monobasic potassium phosphate and 0.3% urea mixed with topdressing fertilizer. In the middle of July, the heavy fruit was used to promote the tip fertilizer. The application of the farmer's powder was 60 kg plus 1 kg of superphosphate and 2 kg of plant ash. In the middle and late September, the fruit of the deep-cast fruit was sent to the husbandry fertilizer (also called rejuvenating fertilizer), and the strain of farmer's manure 60 kilograms of refueling cake was mixed with 1 kilogram to restore the tree vigor. 9, do a good job pruning. (1) Pick up the heart in time. When the shoot length is about 30 cm in spring and summer, pick up the heart promptly and remove excess buds. (2), pruning shaping. In the autumn, measures such as supporting, pulling, and lifting are applied to strong trees to increase the opening angle, ease growth, and promote early results. (3), ring cut flower promotion. In late September, a sharp knife was used to stagger the ring on the side branches three times to prevent the nutrients from the leaves from being transported downwards, increasing the accumulation of organic nutrients in the leaves and effectively increasing the amount of flowers in the following year. (4) Control late autumn shoots and winter shoots. Late autumn shoots and winter shoots that are issued after early November will consume a lot of nutrients and are not conducive to the differentiation of flower buds from the mother tree in the next year. When the autumn shoots turn green and mature, spray 300 times paclobutrazol inhibitors 1-2 times, which can effectively avoid the winter shoots. (5), pruning and digging school. After harvesting the fruit, remove the 1-2 long branches in the upper part of the crown and enhance the light transmission of the inner canopy. In pruning, we must master the principle of light weight, light weight, and light weight. We must reduce the number of cuts, trim pruning time, cut off overlapping branches, twist on branches, disease and insect branches, competition branches, dried branches and fruit stems. Branches should be three sparse ones, five stay two, so that the distribution of shoots uniform, as far as possible to retain the side of the crown in the branches, short fruit branches, no leaves branches, drooping branches, so that the crown can be ventilated and light, to achieve high yields in successive years. 10, timely harvest. It is generally appropriate to harvest in the late November and pick it up on a sunny day. When harvesting, transporting, and storage, take it gently. When storage is fresh, the 2,4-d plus carbendazim solution can be used to wash the fruit and sterilize it, and then it can be stored and stored in a single storage bag.
Pomelo scientific fertilization: fertilization of saplings from one to three years. In order to enhance the growth of young trees and early high-yield, it should be combined with the characteristics of multiple tips of pomelo tree and repeated fertilization. Fertilizer before the tip can promote hair tips, making the shoots grow robustly. Top dressing is quick-acting fertilizer. Fertilization method: apply sparingly, spring shoot fertilizer and more. The fertilization time was 2, 5, and 7 months respectively. If it is desired to start the results in the second year after planting, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be appropriately increased during the autumn shoots to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizers. In order to promote flowering, 0.3-0.6% of strong trees can be sprayed during the flower bud differentiation period (December). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times; weak tree spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.4-0.5% urea 3-4 times. A large amount of organic manure, green manure, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should also be added to lay the upper layer of the ground to promote the development of horizontal roots in order to facilitate early fruit production. Second, the results of tree fertilization. The results of tree fertilization is generally divided into four times the fertilizer, that is, also Yang Fei, promote fertilizer, stable fruit fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer. 1, Yang Fei (base fertilizer). Fertilizing time: before and after fruit harvesting; an important role of fertilization: due to flowering of pomelo tree, the results consume a lot of nutrients, in order to restore tree vigor, promote flower bud differentiation, enrich the results of the mother branch, to ensure that the next year nutrient needs, you must apply sufficient base fertilizer. The amount of fertilizers generally accounts for 50% of the annual fertilization amount. The types of fertilizers used are: delayed fertilizers such as green manure, compost, and cake fertilizer, together with quick-acting fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers (preferably superphosphate). Fertilization method: Excavate the annular groove at the periphery of the tree crown, phosphorus fertilizer is underneath, and urea is on the top. 2, germination fertilizer (flower bud fertilizer). Fertilization time: 2-3 months; an important role of fertilization: can promote the spring shoots, supply the need for flowering results, lay the foundation for the results of the year and the results of the next year's robust mother tree; can overcome the size of the year, To achieve high yield and stable production. Therefore, fertilization is an important measure to increase production; fertilization types: mainly available nitrogen fertilizers, such as human waste or urea, ammonium sulfate and so on. 3, stable fruit fertilizer. Fertilization time: should be in the first half of the second physiological fruit drop (June); the important role of fertilization: to compensate for the nutrients needed for flowering and nutrients, reduce fruit drop, improve fruiting rate, ensure high yield; fertilizer Type: Available nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, can also be applied to human excreta, spraying 1% of superphosphate calcium leachate. 4, strong fruit fertilizer. Fertilization time: before the autumn shoot, from May to June; an important role of fertilization: July-August, the fruit grows quickly, while extracting a large number of autumn shoots, resulting in competition for nutrients and water conflicts; fertilization species: in order to accelerate fruit growth , To improve fruit quality, and at the same time promote the occurrence of autumn shoots, you need to chase application of available nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus potassium fertilizer. General application of basal fertilizer to adult fruit trees; in February, 150 kg of animal manure was applied to each plant and oil was added at the same time; 100 kg of animal manure was applied to each plant in May; in July, 150 kg of animal manure was applied to each plant, and appropriate superphosphate was added.
The pruning of pomelo tree: The pomelo tree is pruned by shaping to make the crown full of shape and achieve the purpose of high yield and stable production. First, set dry. The dry height should be 40-60 cm and a total of 5-6 trunks should be cultivated. The biological characteristics of pomelo tree are different from those of other sweet oranges and red oranges. The tree vigor is strong, the tree is tall, and it is too large. As a result, most or all of the mother branches are inside the crown. We must understand these characteristics of it in order to master the trimming technique. Second, the result of the mother branch. The branches of the resulting branches are called the resulting mother branches. The results of the mother branch can be divided into three types: 1, the lateral branch of the lateral branch of the small branch, the branch growth is weak, can not stick out of the crown of the vegetative branch, it grows for 2-3 years after continuous growth without leaves Result mother branch, draw results. 2, no leaf shoots, such shoots flowering, germinating nutrient conditions are not enough, generally only three years before flowering results. 3, falling fruit branches (commonly known as eyebrows), they do not germinate buds, the results of flowering the next year. Third, the results of the branch. From the results of the mother bud a bud or germination of several nearby buds. The results were branches with leafy branches, floral branches with fruiting branches, and leafless fruiting branches. There is a flower of at most flowers, and the result is the best of the results with no inflorescence and inflorescence. Fourth, trim the purpose and significance. The interior of the tree canopy has good ventilation and light transmission, and the inner church results in nutrient enrichment of the mother tree. The results are numerous and the quality is good. Fifth, pruning principle. It is not empty in the outer space, with heavy shears on the top, light shears on the four sides, heavy cuts on the outside, and light cuts on the inside. Six, pruning methods. Attention should be paid to the maintenance of the relatively weak leafless branches on the internal branches of the crown, which are excellent results of the mother branches; vegetative growth is lush and the leaves are too thick to be reshuffled, and the vegetative growth is weak to be lightly cut. 7. Pruning time and branches that should be cut off. After picking the fruit, the vertical erect and pendulous branches in the canopy should be cut off, and the dried branches, diseased and broken branches, shaded branches, and cross-branched branches should be cut off. Xia Jian: In the summer, some of the dense and overwintering shoots were removed, and the delicate branches and branches were cut short.
Pomelo promote flower protection. First, promote flowers. To make the fruit trees bloom early, one must control the vegetative growth of the tree vigor one year before the results, prompt the growth center to turn to reproductive growth, and promote flower bud differentiation: 1. Control vertical root length, cultivate lateral roots, parallel root mass growth, and promote flower bud differentiation . 2. Take support, pull, and drop off branches, increase the angle between branches and stems, weaken vegetative growth, and promote flower bud differentiation. 3, prosperous saplings, circumcision 1-2 laps from side to side in September-October. 4, pay attention to drainage, water control in autumn, and cut off part of the root system, resulting in plant physiological drought, in order to promote flower bud differentiation. Second, protect the fruit. 1. Increase tree nutrients, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and retain leaves as much as possible to prevent abnormal leaves. 2, control the amount of flowers, remove those malformed flowers and dense flowers. 3, control spring shoots, erase summer shoots. The spring shoots are too many, excessive consumption of nutrients will aggravate fruit drop, and buds should regulate spring shoots. The strong spring shoots (vegetative shoots) in the upper part of the crown are mainly used, and flowering branches of 5 or more are also wiped off in late spring. When shoots are picked from summer shoots, young shoots are repeatedly wiped off until the fruit is set in mid-July. 4, prevention and control of pests and diseases. Common pests include red and yellow spiders, leaf roller moths, and resinous diseases. 5. Spray plant hormones. Such as cytokinin, plant treasure, Jinyun Da-120 and so on.
Pest control of pomelo. First, foot rot (rotten pimple). Hazardous symptoms: Main damage to the main roots and neck, bark of the main stem of the damaged plant rots, resulting in yellow leaves dead branches, weak tree vigor, yield decline, serious, the whole plant withered. The high incidence of high temperature and rainy season in July-August. Control methods: 1. Scratch the diseased tissue part and burn them centrally. Apply a bactericide and protective agent after scraping. 2, commonly used drugs are: coated with 20-40ppm of 2.4-d and then coated with methyl thiophanate 100-200 times liquid; Bordeaux slurry, that is, 1 kg of copper sulfate, 3 kg of lime, 15 kg of water mixture; early onset or not At the time of onset, it was treated with Yunsheng 900-1100 spray. Second-rate gum disease. Hazardous symptoms: Harm the main stem and the main branch, affect the tree potential. In severe cases, the lesion expands and “rings†the trunk, causing the plants to die. Control methods: first scrape off the rough skin of the diseased part (appropriate for green and yellow), then slit a few slits, deep to the xylem, and then 80 times the multi-effect liquid or 50% thiophanate or carbendazim 100 -200 times liquid treatment. Third, red and yellow spiders. The red spider mainly damages the leaves. When the damaged leaves are severe, they lose their brilliance and appear gray, causing fallen leaves and shoots. The yellow spider damages the deformation of the leaves and causes defoliation. The hazard period is generally mid-April until mid-June; September is the second peak of damage. Control methods: 1, clear garden in winter, spray wave US 2-3 degrees lime sulfur agent. 2, the drug can be used Pingyi 1500 times in the spring and summer pumping buds at the beginning of spraying, or spray control when there is a worm. Fourth, blowing cotton, red wax, cornices. Hazardous symptoms: adults, larvae harm the branches, leaves, fruits, and cause the occurrence of coal-fired diseases, the injured tree grows weak, branches withered, and heavy are dead. Control methods: The key to the control of scale insects is in the larval stage, and the insecticides are concentrated before the wax shell formation. The end of March to the end of September is the peak period of the scale insects, especially from late April to mid-May. key. Divided by 1000 times can be used for spray control. Fifth, leaf roller moth. Hazardous symptoms: larvae harm young leaves, young fruit, buds, larvae often spine young fruit and young leaves together, drilled into the fruit to feed, so that young fruit yellow off. Control methods: 1. Clear garden in winter and remove winter larvae. 2. Chemical control, with an emphasis on 1-2 times of treatment after culturing the larvae and densities of larvae. 3, the choice of pesticides: 5000 times the enemy killed EC; 50% dichlorvos 800-1000 times; enemy killed 800-1000 times; to make 1500 times liquid.
The method and method of using the lime sulfur mixture: The lime sulfur control agent is powdery mildew, rust, rot, brown spot, red spider, scale insect, etc. Its raw material ratio is lime: sulfur:water=1:2 : 10 (weight ratio). The method of tanning is to take 1 part of quicklime and pour it into boiled water to boil and remove the lime mud. Then pour 2 parts of sulphur powder previously made into a paste with a small amount of water and slowly pour it into the pot, stirring it down and continuing to boil for another 45 minutes to an hour. When the liquid turns into a reddish-brown color and the slag is yellow-green, the fire can be ceased. After the slag is filtered out, it is the stock solution of lime sulfur. The use method is to spray Bokmei 4-5 degree dilution in winter, during the growing season, use Baume Dilution 0.2-0.3 degree, if use, add 0.3-0.5% detergent, better control effect. Add water dilution factor = (stock concentration minus use concentration) divided by use concentration = kg of water to be added.