Since ancient times, pepper has been one of the ingredients that people like to add in cooking. The area of ​​pepper cultivation in China ranks second in all vegetables in all countries, and a large number of peppers are exported overseas every year. However, the stems, leaves and fruits of peppers are prone to outbreaks, which greatly affect the quality and yield of peppers. How should growers diagnose and control pepper blight? First, pepper disease identification Capsicum blight is mainly caused by germs, which seriously affects the yield and quality of peppers. The pepper blight is mainly transmitted by rainwater, air, soil, etc. It is a spread of infectious infection. Once the pepper blight is found in the pepper growing area, it needs to be treated in time. If it is not treated in time, it may cause a large area of ​​pepper death in the whole planting area. Caused serious economic losses. The identification of pepper blight is based on the symptoms of the disease. The main damage of pepper blight is the leaves, stems and fruits of pepper. The main manifestations are atrophy of pepper leaves, necrosis and wilting of stem tissue, and water-stained spots on the fruit. The temperature in the greenhouse plays a key role in controlling the pepper blight. If the wetness is too high, the surface of the pepper will form a white mold layer. Further corrosion of the fruit will eventually lead to the decay of the pepper fruit, and the mold will lurk in the pepper fruit once the temperature And the appropriate humidity will also invade again. After the diseased pepper stalks, there will be rounded water-stained lesions. Once the lesions expand, the color will turn dark brown. After the lesions spread throughout the stems, the main branches of the peppers will die. Capsicum disease is an important cause of reduced yield of pepper. If the corresponding preventive measures are not taken in time, the pathogens will spread rapidly in the pepper growing area, resulting in a large area of ​​pepper plants. The pepper fruit will be affected by the lesions and there will be obvious white mold layer. . Second, the causes and conditions of pepper blight The reason why peppers occur is because they are infected by Phytophthora. The pathogen has a long incubation period and is usually lurking in the soil, and its seeds also bear the infection source of pepper blight. The spring weather will warm up and the bacteria will infect the roots of the pepper. The environment of high temperature and high humidity is suitable for the growth of pathogens. Once the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse are too high, it will provide a suitable growth environment for the bacteria. It will invade from the pores, wounds or epidermis of pepper by zoospores, causing local lesions in the peppers. Causes the death of pepper plants. When the temperature in the greenhouse reaches 30 °C and the humidity reaches 80%, the pathogen is most active; the pathogen is more prevalent during the fruit setting period, and the disease incubation period is 5~10 days. The growth rate of the pathogen is fast, the reproduction ability is strong, and the wind can pass through the wind. In the form of water droplets, soil, etc., as long as the pepper plant infection is not treated in time within 3 to 5 days, the pepper in the whole greenhouse will be invaded. Third, prevention measures For the pepper blight, three measures are mainly used for prevention and control, namely agricultural control technology, chemical control technology, and selection of resistant varieties. The agricultural control technology is mostly artificially controlled. Because of the natural factors such as soil, temperature and humidity, the pepper disease is long-term and the efficiency is not high. The drug control technology is mainly effective in controlling pepper blight by drugs. The selection of resistant varieties for prevention and treatment can avoid the infection of pepper blight from the root. 1. Agricultural control technology (1) Reasonable rotation: mainly for 2 to 3 years of rotation, avoiding the continuous cropping with melons and solanaceous vegetables, mainly to avoid the latent of pathogens, and the rotation crops are mainly crops such as cruciferous flowers and onion and garlic. (2) Selection of disease-free seedlings: It is necessary to select the pepper seeds in advance and then place them in warm water (55 ° C) for about 30 min, cool to 30 ° C and then soak for 8 h for germination. Followed by the disinfection of the seedbed to avoid the residue of the bacteria. The disease-free pepper seedlings are cultivated, the organic fertilizer is applied to disinfect the seeds to be planted and the bed soil is disinfected, and the seedlings are treated in time by manual inspection, and the area is sprayed to prevent the spread of the bacteria. (3) Reasonable control of greenhouse humidity: avoid excessive water accumulation at the root of pepper seedlings, control watering time, avoid watering in the morning at noon or watering after the sun sets. Carry out drainage ditch construction in time to eliminate excess water in the greenhouse. (4) Strengthen the management of pepper greenhouses: pay attention to keeping clean and timely application of organic fertilizer in the pepper planting area, rationally apply phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of pepper plants, and timely treat pepper diseased leaves and old leaves to reduce the infection rate of pepper in greenhouse. 2, chemical control technology The seed coating agent was suspended at 25%, and the concentration was controlled to 10 ml to 150 ml of water to avoid the concentration being too high and too low to affect the use effect; after even mixing, the seed dressing can be coated for planting. Once the diseased plant is found in the planting area, and it needs to be treated with drugs in the early stage of the pepper disease, 50% of the nail cream copper wettable powder 600 times solution can be used; in the area where the diseased plant appears, the smoke method or the dust method is adopted. , timely spraying drugs for the prevention and treatment of pepper blight. When a small area of ​​the diseased plant is found, the disease center can also be blocked by the method of filling the root with the liquid medicine. Generally, the nail cream copper wettable powder or the metalaxyl WP can be used to root the root of the diseased plant, and the spraying time is 5~ 7 d spray a total of 1 or 2 times. 3. Choose resistant varieties According to relevant data, there are now more than 40 varieties of resistant peppers in the world, and the high-quality pepper seedlings of these varieties have higher disease resistance to the general pepper disease. This is an important breakthrough in the history of pepper cultivation. The research on the disease resistance of pepper is mainly controlled by a variety of genes. It is difficult to cultivate ideal resistant varieties by traditional hybrid methods, and it is necessary to cultivate with genetic engineering as the main biotechnology. . The above is the main content of the diagnosis and control methods of pepper disease. If you want to know more about pepper planting, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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