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1 Morphological characteristics Big mushroom mushroom cap diameter 6 ~ 20cm, hemispherical, flat hemispherical after the top flat or slightly concave, color white, after dark yellow, no scales; bacteria within the white, thick close, slightly damaged injury Red, slowly discolored when young; pleated white, later turned pink to dark brown, dense, narrow, free, unequal length: short stipe, medium solid, nearly cylindrical; fungus ring double, white, Membranous, born in the middle of the stipe. Spores are dark brown, broadly elliptic to subglobose, smooth.
2 Living conditions
2.1 Nutrition, big fat mushroom Take cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in wheat straw, rice straw, sawdust and other materials as the main carbon source. Use the protein, amino acid in the bran or rice bran as nitrogen source, and also use the culture. The mineral elements and vitamins contained in the material.
2.2 Temperature The mushroom is a high temperature type fungus, the optimum temperature for the growth of mycelia is 25 ~ 30 °C; in the entity at 23 ~ 25 °C still have a higher rate of mushroom.
2.3 Moisture content The moisture content is 65%. The moisture in the bed plant evaporates quickly, and the relative humidity of the air should be kept between 65% and 75%. Primordial differentiation and fruiting body growth stage should be maintained at 85% to 95%.
2.4 The initial stage of air mycelial growth does not require high oxygen. As the mycelium grows, ventilation should be enhanced to keep the air fresh. The formation of primordium and the growth stage of fruiting bodies are strong in metabolism. Ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened to ensure adequate supply of oxygen, and to eliminate carbon dioxide generated during the growth process.
2.5 Lighting does not require light during the growth phase of light. Should pay attention to the shading culture; the primordial differentiation and fruiting body growth require 100 ~ 500Lx scattered light.
2.6 Acidity and alkalinity The culture material is slightly acidic and it is beneficial to the growth of big fat mushroom. The optimum pH is 5.5-6. The soil pH is also suitable for partial acidity, and the optimum is 5.7-6.
3 Cultivation Techniques The big fat mushrooms can be planted in raw materials or planted in fermented earthworm beds. The following describes the specific methods.
3.1 Production season Maternal production time is generally from the end of January to the end of February, and the original species is produced in early March. Cultivated species are produced from the beginning of May to the beginning of June. According to the climatic conditions in North China, planting time is scheduled to be planted in mid-July and mid-August. On September 10th, the first batch of mushrooms can be harvested. The second batch of mushrooms is harvested around September 20 and the third batch of mushrooms is harvested in early October. After October 10th, due to the drop in temperature, the fruiting was significantly reduced. In natural temperatures, 3 batches of mushrooms were generally harvested.
3.2 Raw material bed planted with 95% sun-dried cottonseed husks, add 2% gypsum powder, 0.1% chlorothalonil, 2% calcium carbonate, mix well; 2% sugar and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate dissolved in water in advance , Stir in the culture medium. Culture material moisture content 65%, pH 7.5. Spread the material on the bed, sowing layers, the first layer of material 5 ~ 7cm, spread the seed; the second layer of material 5 ~ 6cm, spread after a layer of bacteria species, in the material surface and then lay a layer of thin material covered bacteria Species. The total thickness of the culture medium is 15-20cm, the leveling and printing are real, the newspaper and the film are covered, and the moisture in the material is maintained. After sowing, germination occurs at a temperature of 18 to 28°C. When the mycelium is eaten until it reaches 2/3 or is fully fed, it will cover 2 to 3 cm thick bean-sized coal and 2 to 3 cm after 7 to 10 months. thick. Then conduct routine management, ventilation, water spray, increase indoor air humidity.
3.3 The fermented material was planted with 40% fresh wheat straw, 57% cattle and sheep manure, 1% gypsum powder, 1% superphosphate, and 1% urea. Fermentation culture materials were prepared according to the method of composting of biconidi mushroom culture materials. Times, hot feed. Then remove the fecal matter and debris in the material, spread it on the surface of the bed in the greenhouse, the thickness of 20cm, the material temperature dropped below 30 °C, layered on demand walnut seed size blocks. After sowing, the surface of the material is covered with a thin film of bacteria, and the soil is covered when the mycelium eats material.
In the two to three days after inoculation of the above two cultivation methods, the hyphae began to grow and the fresh mycelium was eaten to extend around until the culture material was eaten. During the germination period, part of the mycelium developed, became thicker, and formed mycelia. After covering the decayed coal particles, the mycelium climbed along the earth material, interweaved each other, kinked, and the fruit body gradually appeared.
3.4 Mushroom buds began to appear around 15 days after fruiting management. Several days before fruiting, the amount of ventilation should be reduced, the water spray should be sufficient, and the number of times should be increased. When the fruiting body appears, heavy water should be sprayed once and the relative humidity in the room is kept at 75% to 85%. Mushrooms The first mushroom of the tidal mushroom was late, and it took about 22 days after covering the soil to harvest the first tidal mushroom. The time between the two tidal mushrooms was 12 to 15 days. The harvest time of Agaricus bisporus fall mushroom is about 45 days, while the big fat mushroom is short and the effective fruiting time is only about 30 days. The yield of the first 2 tidal mushrooms was similar to that of the sputum type strain of Agaricus bisporus. The time from the formation of mushroom buds to the opening of umbrellas is quite short, so harvesting in time is very important. Large-fat mushrooms should be picked when young, and the diameter of the cap when harvested is 2.5 to 3 cm. If the picking is too late, the fresh mushroom will be easily opened after harvesting, and after the opening of the umbrella, the bacteria folds will soon turn black and the quality of the product will decline, which is not conducive to sales.
The biological characteristics and high-yield cultivation of big fat mushroom
Mushroom [Agaricus-bitorguis (Quel.) sacc.], also known as double-ringed mushroom, big fat mushroom, is a kind of high-temperature grass-born fungus that grows on grass. In recent years, it has been domesticated and introduced. Compared with Agaricus bisporus, it has a wider adaptability and stronger stress resistance and is suitable for extensive cultivation. It is more heat-resistant, drought-tolerant, water-resistant, and carbon dioxide-resistant. It does not produce bacteria and does not spit yellow water. It is better than Amphora sp. It is reported that foreign per ton of culture material can produce 410 to 650kg of fresh mushrooms, domestic per ton of culture materials to produce fresh mushrooms of 310 to 350kg.