Release date: 2017-04-07 On March 29th, under the experiment of the Case Western Reserve University scholars and the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, a quadriplegic patient successfully controlled his hands through brain thinking and sent food into his mouth. The patient who participated in the experiment was named Bill Kochevar, 56 years old. He had a car accident while riding a bicycle, causing paralysis. Bill told Engadget reporter: "For a person who has been unable to move all over the body for eight years, even moving one inch is extremely lucky for me. The results of this experiment are much better than I expected!" Click on the video below and we will witness this moment for all the best, full of dawn: Naturally, such a result is not achieved overnight. In fact, scientists have long tried to make this intracortical brain-computer interface (iBCI). Among them, Professor Leigh Hocherg (also the leader of this experiment), a neurobiological engineer at Brown University in the United States, achieved the most remarkable results. 瘫痪 patients control the screen cursor through brain thoughts As early as 2004, Leigh's BrainGate planned to put the brain-computer interface into the cerebral cortex of a 24-year-old quadriplegic to help the patient transmit brain information. Although the device is only the size of a tablet, the interior is very complicated and consists of 96 electrodes. In 2010, UCLA and Caltech scholars began helping patients use brain thinking to control the mouse cursor on the screen. The patient controls the robotic arm by thinking and picks up the coffee on the table. In 2012, under the guidance of Hocherg, the Brain Gate program opened the second phase of exploration. In this trial, both participants, Cathy and Bob, had a stroke and were paralyzed and unable to speak. The neurosurgeon made a micro-recording device containing electrodes of about 100 hair strands, implanted into the motor cortex of their brains, and recorded motor-related nerve signals. This experiment enabled the patient to successfully use the brain to control the robotic arm, pick up the coffee on the table, and accurately deliver it to his mouth. Professor Hocherg believes that: From two-dimensional to three-digit, to the arrival and grab of the target object, and then directed to the destination, this is a huge improvement for us, and far more complicated than simply adding a dimension. In addition to the cerebral cortex brain-computer interface, functional electrical stimulation has also played a crucial role in the experiment. A functional electrical stimulation system is a system that moves an arm, thigh or finger by stimulating nerves on the extremities. This technique was previously used to help quadriplegics to move their limbs, but only to shrug or nod. The reason why Case Western Reserve University and the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center made such a big leap was because they combined the cerebral cortex brain-computer interface with the functional electrical stimulation system. In order to get the most accurate instructions on the surface of the brain, they placed Bill in a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, allowing him to imagine his different body parts in his imagination, and during that time, which part of the body was tracked. controlling. Another leader of the experiment, Bolu Ajiboye, said in his acceptance of Time magazine: "Only through this experimental method that varies from person to person, we can get a precise 'brain map'." The team used the data to implant electrodes at specific locations in the Brain's brain and connect them to a computer that can decode instructions. In order to practice, Bill controlled the virtual arm on the computer screen through brain thinking, and used the same thinking to control his own arm in reality. “It feels good, but it’s fleeting,†he said. “I quickly know how to do it and become more proficient after each contact.†At the same time, the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center strengthens the atrophied arm and palm muscle strength by remotely manipulating the 36-electrode array. When the cerebral cortex brain-computer interface works simultaneously with the functional electrical stimulation system, Bill can eat, drink, and even scratch his nose with his own hands. For the experimental results, Bill described his feelings like this: For me, it feels like (nothing) before, except that it feels a bit sluggish. Of course, Bill didn't have any tactile feelings, but it didn't affect him at all: "They used to close their eyes in a few experiments, and I still got something." One day, perhaps even subtle feelings will be simulated. Although this system effectively helps the protagonist to control his limbs again, such a large volume of equipment is not realistic in daily life. Perhaps the next step in the "brain" plan is to shrink the size of the entire machine until it can be implanted or even adapted to the patient's body. In any case, the results of this experiment have given more than 1 billion people with disabilities around the world, and it has also proved that the "brain interface" concept that Musk has elaborated is not unfounded and sensational. Leader Leigh Hocherg believes that the experimental results may really subvert history: "The results of this experiment are likely to introduce neural technology into a new era, an era that can help people with disabilities to regain their ability to move and become independent." 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