First, what are the advantages of machine plug-in technology? Machine transplanting technology has four advantages: The first advantage is conducive to achieving high yield and stable rice production. According to the statistics of the average production of rice planted in the city during the five years from 2004 to 2008, the machine insert rice has an average yield increase of 144 pounds over that of the direct seed rice. I think machine-planting rice can achieve high yields and stable yields, mainly with the following technical advantages: First, planting rice sowing time is 10-15 days ahead of direct seeding. Not only can we use late-maturing varieties with high yield potential, but also guarantee The development process of rice is synchronized with the temperature and light resources of the city and is conducive to high and stable yields. The second is that the design of the rice transplanter is in line with the requirements for high-yielding cultivation of rice. The rice transplanter guarantees large-scale planting, planting depth, and planting size. It can artificially quantify and adjust, achieve fixed-line, fixed-depth, fixed-point and fixed seedlings, satisfies the requirements of broad-growing and shallow planting and sparse planting in high-yielding population cultivation, improves planting quality, and combines “small groups, strong individuals, and high Accumulation of "high-yield cultivation routes, to achieve high and stable yield; Third, machine inserted rice sowing time is generally in late May, and there is 4-5 days of filming time, so you can avoid the large number of settlers during the harvest, Therefore, the incidence of stripe disease and black-streaked dwarf disease in the early stage of rice field planting in rice is significantly reduced, which reduces the pressure and cost of prevention and treatment, and is beneficial to increase production and efficiency. The second advantage is that the efficiency of the operation is high, and labor costs are increased. The general transplanter transplanter covers an area of ​​15-20 mu each day, and the planting area of ​​40 to 50 mu per day for transplanting seedlings is much higher than the efficiency of artificial planting, and the mechanical paddy field operation is stable and easy to operate. It will help to keep the season in check. The third advantage is that the social benefits are very significant. The use of mechanical transplants instead of artificial labor has greatly reduced the labor intensity of planting and transplanting, which has facilitated the transfer of labor and improved the quality of life of the people. The fourth advantage is that the rice transplanter is used as a carrier, and the operators or machine transplanting companies and professional cooperatives have promoted the promotion of new rice varieties and new technologies through the development of unified varieties, unified breeding, unified feeding, and unified machine insertion. Regional distribution of rice, large-scale operations and standardized production. At the same time, it also opened up an income-generating channel for operators, education companies and professional cooperatives. 2. What are the differences between transplanting seedlings and traditional conventional seedlings? Machine seedling transplanting seedlings is the key to the success of machine transplanting, and whether it can produce high yields. Compared with the traditional way of conventional seedling raising, the most significant feature is the high planting density and high standards of machine transplanting. The main manifestations are four aspects: First, the seedlings have different standards, the second is different seedlings, the third is seeding requirements and procedures, and the fourth is the seedlings management focus is different. Third, then what are the key indicators for machine transplanting? Machine seedling transplanting machine is inserted by small seedlings. The indicators of strong seedlings are: 15-20 days old, 3.5-3.8 leaf age, 12-17 cm (6 inches) seedling height, more than 10 white roots per plant, and seedlings per square centimeter. 2-3 strains, uniform and tidy, green show disease-free, good seedlings block packing, lifted. The core indicator is that the age of the larvae does not exceed 20 days and the seedlings are balanced. Fourth, machine insert seedlings are those ways of raising children? There are four types of machine-transplanting methods: mud double membrane breeding, double-membrane fine soil breeding, floppy disk fine soil breeding, and hard disk substrate breeding. At present, there are mainly two types of machine-assisted seedling breeding methods: floppy disk fine soil breeding and double-membrane thinning. Earthworms. The floppy disk is fine and soil-raising: it is also a commonly used method of breeding in our city. It is to use a special eel oyster floppy disk (length and breadth: 58282.5 cm) to neatly discharge on the seedling board, and then lay out the bed soil of 2-2.5 cm, and directly sow seedlings, film insulation and moisturizing seedlings. The characteristics of cultivating floppy disks are as follows: Cricket blocks standard, and the utilization rate of pods is high, but the cost of purchasing glutinous rice disks is relatively high (approximately 15 yuan per mu, which can be 2-3 years). Double-membrane fine soil seedlings: Membrane plates with holes in place of plastic plates, then 2-2.5 cm bed soil were placed, and the seedlings were covered with plastic film and heat preservation. Its features are less investment in dual-film, low cost, convenient operation and management, and simple cost-saving. Disadvantages are the large amount of seed used, low utilization rate, and difficult to guarantee the specification of the rocker. Comprehensively compare the characteristics of the two main modes of education, and the agriculture department clearly put forward the main way of using floppy disk nursery as a machine seedling. 5. What are the main differences between seeding procedures and requirements for machine seedlings? The differences are mainly in the following aspects: First, the contents and requirements for preparing pre-planting seedlings are different. There are four main preparations: The first is bed preparation: bed soil is the subsoil in a floppy disk. Soil extraction requirements are stringent. Usually, we choose garden soil, cultivated dry land, or paddy soil that has been ploughed in autumn and winter. We must not use winter wheat and rapeseed containing green herbicides for winter and spring. Tian Tu. Each acre machine inserted into the field must be prepared bed soil 200 pounds. After the soil is well prepared, it must be fertilized to become a nutrient soil: there are mainly two methods for fertilizing bed soil. The first method is to use fertilizing method combining organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. This fertilization must be carried out 2 months before sowing, in the field of soil on each piece of acre uniform manure excrement 40 Dan (grasswood banned), 45% of the compound fertilizer 80-100 kg, after continuous mechanical tillage 2-3 Cross, plough deep 10 centimeters, then grab the sunny day and take over the top soil and sieving. This fertilization method must pay attention, fertilization time is early, organic fertilizer in the two months before sowing on the end of the fertilizer, fertilizer and other inorganic fertilizers also have to end in a month before sowing, as fertilizer is too late, organic fertilizer can not Full maturity, inorganic fertilizer can not be fully dissolved, it is easy to form fertilizer or dead seedlings after sowing. The second is to strengthen nutrients fertilization method. After the fine soil is sieved, mix 1 bag (1-1.6 pounds) of strong nutrients (containing a variety of trace elements and active substances) with 200 kg of fine soil (that is, one mu of Daejeon). The use of ZhuangQing agent can play a role in fertilization, acid adjustment, and strengthening. This method is simple, economical, and safe, and it is the key promotion method for fertilization. Special reminder: All nutritious soils must be fertilized; beds that have not been fertilized should be fertilized with nutrient supplements immediately, the sooner the better. The second is Putian preparation: At present, the preparations for Putian around the country have all been put in place. Putian's choices all meet the requirements of “relatively centralized, easy to manage, and provide for the nearest neighborsâ€. Putian's irrigation and drainage conditions are good and it is easy to manage and operate. Dianchi and Datian are left at a ratio of 1:85-90. Putian site preparation using water practices, that is, 10 days before sowing in the Sheung Shui site preparation, ditch sampan plate, sampan plate width 130-140 cm, groove width 25 cm, depth 15 cm, surrounded by a good open trench, groove width of 30 cm, ditch depth 20 centimeters, after the sampan board is well drained, the board will sink. Two days before sowing, the shovels were used to make up low, fill in cracks, and fully pat on. The surface requirements were “solid, flat, light and straightâ€. That is to say, the production of the sampan plate for wheat cultivating machines and plugging in Putian should have been basically completed. The third is material preparation. Folding method for floppy disks: 25-28 pieces of smashed plates, 4.2 m of agricultural film with a width of 2 m, and other materials such as straw are required for each mu of field. Double-membrane seedling seedlings: 4 m wide mulching film 1.5 m wide per mu. Other same floppy disk. The fourth is seed preparation. In order to select suitable high-yielding, high-quality, stable, and high-quality varieties for local planting, which is suitable for local planting, the planting medium is superior in lodging resistance, disease resistance, and disease resistance are large. According to the production practice in recent years, the city's wheat machine plug should be selected. In the late mature crops such as Huaidao No. 9 and Huaidao No. 5, medium-maturing medium-sized rice cultivars such as Xudao No. 3 and No. 4 and Lianhua No. 6 can be used. Each acre of Daejeon should be prepared to meet the national standard of 7-8 pounds of seeds, and double-film breeding of acres of plowed fields should be prepared for 8-9 pounds. The second is the machine seedling planting schedule is more stringent. Due to the high planting density of seedlings, the roots of seedlings are concentrated in thin soil layers with a thickness of only 2-2.5 cm. Therefore, it is very important to grasp the age of the seedlings. This requires us to insist on appropriate sowing, according to the time of the field to make time, field tillage, field settling time, according to the age of 15-18 days to calculate the sowing date, "Ningtian, etc., can not be ignorant fields." The general sowing date of the machine after the wheat seedlings in our city is appropriate around May 25. If the area is large, according to the transplanter's transplanting progress, the seedlings should be sown in a reasonable manner to ensure proper age transplanting (50 mu for each hand machine and 120 mu for one batch of high-speed machine). Third, the seed processing requirements are different. In the same way, the rice seedlings inserted in the field must adhere to the pre-planting sunseed for 1-2 days; adhere to the seed soaking, soaking the seed with the same method, with 16% evil thread clearing 1 bag + 25% first net 2-4 ml watering 6-7 kilograms Soaking 5 kg of seeds, soaking time is generally 2-3 days, to absorb enough water (applicable to sowing in batches). The difference is that the machine transplanter advocates germination sowing, and the germination is recommended to adopt the daily immersion night dew and soaking germination synchronization method, that is, daytime soaking, the seeds will be taken out of the flat ground for about 12 hours at night (no panning and replacement of the soaking liquid), the second Days continue to take the way of daytime dew exposure until the seeds are naturally broken and white. Fourth, the transplanting process is more complicated. The steps for seeding the floppy seedlings are as follows: the first step is to lay out the empty plates and lay the plastic plates on the sampan plates. The laying requirements are that each sampan plate is horizontally laid out in two rows and tiled one by one. The floppy disk edges overlap with the edges. The plates are closely and neatly arranged. The second step on the soil. In the plate on the nutrition soil, grasp the soil thickness of 2 - 2.5 cm, while the surface should be leveled. The third step is to drown the water. Flat water is poured on the day before sowing, and discharged quickly after absorption of moisture on the subsoil. It is also possible to spray water directly from the watering can before sowing. The fourth step is precision seeding. Generally, each floppy disk broadcasts 130-150 grams of buds (more than 90% of buds 2.8 are suitable), and double film of 900 grams (1.8 kg) per square meter of sprouts. The fifth step is to spread the seed soil. Cover fine soil after sowing, cover the thickness of 0.3-0.5 cm, so that you can not see rice seeds, and strive to uniform. The sixth step is to seal the film and cover the grass. Seal the front of the membrane and place a piece of fine reed or several pieces of wheat straw every 50-60 cm to prevent the agricultural film from sticking to the bed soil. Then cover the agricultural film on the surface of the disk to make it tightly and cover the agricultural film. Layers of straw, cover grass thickness is not suitable for the plastic film, to avoid high temperature injury at noon on sunny days. In the end, the outlet of the Ikei Ikeda must be dug so as to prevent the rain from flooding the sampan. VI. What are the main points of transplanting seedlings in Putian period management? In the seedling management of machine-inserted seedlings, the following five points are focused on: (1) High temperature and high humidity promote whole seedlings. After the film is covered and covered with grass, the high temperature and high humidity seedling stage, the first point of attention is to grasp the thickness of cover grass, thickness and evenness, to prevent high temperature at noon on sunny days. The second is the timely removal of water on the membrane after the rain, to prevent local "paste drugs" caused by stuffy rotten buds, affecting the whole seedlings. (2) Remove the film in a timely manner. After 3-4 days of sowing, the seedlings are normally normal and should be uncovered. The general principles to be grasped at the time of uncovering the film are: sunny evening exposing, cloudy morning exposing, light raining before rain, heavy rainy days. After the rain is exposed, the film must be filled with a flat ditch, and a small area can also be used with a kettle to supplement the water in the pan. Remove the plastic film after leaving the film. (3) Scientific management of water. In the early days of Putian, we focused on the management of bed soil wetness, keeping the disc soil not white, and at noon on sunny days the seedlings did not roll leaf, and lack of water and water. The method of replenishing water can concentrate the ditch water in Putian, and water can be sprayed in a small area sooner or later. Control the water for seedlings 3 days before transplanting. The method is to keep the ditching water on a sunny day, drain the gutters and water on a cloudy day, especially before the machine is plugged in, and cover the rain in advance to prevent the water content of the bed soil from falling. High impact and machine insertion. (4) timely fertilizer. Machine transplanting field generally do not need to topdressing, but if the bed does not fertilize or seedlings lighter leaf color in the 1 leaf, per acre seedlings can be applied urea 8 kg, in the evening after the seedling tip spit water to establish a thin layer of water after uniform Spread or pour 1,000 pounds of water and pour water. Putian has a small area. Every 10 meters long rake plate is treated with 30 tons of urea, 3 water, and 30 pounds of water. It is also possible to add 20 lbs. Sprinkle with water after fertilizer to prevent fertilizer damage. The second is to see Miao Shi sent to marry fertilizer: usually in the 3 days before transplanting fertilization 1 times, the same amount and weaning fertilizer, Muji field with 10 kg of urea water 1000 kg evening pouring, fertilizer should be applied in the evening. (5) Pest control: The main control objects include rice thrips, planthoppers, and locusts. For some diseased varieties of stripe blight, it is necessary to do a good job of prevention and control of SBPH. The method is: after the film is uncovered, timely apply 5% Ruijinte 30 ml plus 80 kg water per acre Dianchi. For diseases such as seedling blight, the Mutuo field can use 500 grams of 65% enemies and pour 500 kilograms of water. For high temperature injury and other types of frozen seedlings, “802†(half a barrel of water, “Hui Manfeng†200ml/mu) can be used for foliar spraying, which can achieve better results. Adhere to the transplanting with drugs, generally 1-2 days before planting with "5% Rui Jin special" 30-50ml, the control effect of Laodelphax striatellus, aphids, rice thrips and other better. 7. What are the reasons for the size of seedlings in paddy fields? How to avoid? (1) The seedlings cover the soil unevenly and the thick soil causes boring species, resulting in relatively slow emergence and lagging growth. (2) It was the rain that could not be eliminated in time during the cover film, resulting in plasters and affecting seedling growth. (3) It is the unevenness of the seesaw. When the water is relatively high, it is not water when it is on the water. It is in a state of water shortage and grows slowly. The solution is to make the board in Sheung Shui to ensure that the board surface is straight, the cover soil should be even, and the water should be removed immediately after the rain. What are the reasons for uneven seedlings? (1) uneven planting, high density seedlings high seedlings; (2) fertilizer, injury and burns; (3) film plaster; (4) disease dead seedlings (blue, dry, mostly occurred before and after the three-leaf period;). IX. Causes, symptoms, and main preventive measures of common blue and yellow dead seedlings in Putian period: Due to the high density of rice seedlings transplanted in rice, the quality of seedlings is relatively poor and the stress resistance is weak, especially at the 2-3 leaf stage. Before and after weaning, it is easy to cause dead (green) yellow seedlings after chilling. Green dead seedlings are seedlings that are not timely watered after being exposed to low temperatures or storms, causing the seedlings to lose water and die. This is an acute physiological disease that usually occurs as a whole. The diseased seedlings begin to wilt from the young leaves and become vigorous, and then the whole The strain died. After the death, the leaf color was dark green (blue and dry), but the base of the seedling was not easy to pull off, and the roots seemed to be hot. Yellow dead seedlings are dead seedlings that occur after the seedlings are slowly victimized at low temperatures. They are chronic physiological diseases that often occur in clusters. From the tip to the base of leaves, from the outside to the inside, from the old leaf to the young leaf, Gradually yellowing and death, the base is rotted due to pathogenic parasites, and it is easy to pull off. The main preventive measures: In the case of low-temperature cold in Putian period, pay attention to irrigation and heat preservation. If the wet and cold weather lasts for a long time, the water temperature, soil temperature, and temperature gap in Putian need to be gradually reduced to adopt the method of diligent irrigation or daily irrigation. To increase water temperature and supply oxygen to prevent dead seedlings. Cold storms should be timely flooded with seedlings, ease the temperature difference, and gradually adjust to fine weather. The water should not be drained immediately when the weather is fine, so as to prevent imbalance of water balance in the seedlings, resulting in physiological water loss and the occurrence of blue-green dead seedlings. Greenhouse Plastic Plastic Clamps Greenhouse Plastic Plastic Clamps,Greenhouse Structure Connecting Clamps,Agricultural Greenhouses Clamps,Plastic Clamps JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.engreenhouse.com