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First, the basic characteristics of young green shoots, young leaves light green, dense hair back leaves. Large leaves, mostly 4-lobed, margin blunt. Mature shoots are red-brown and winter buds are full and full. Ear cone or cylindrical. After hormone treatment, the ear usually weighs 600-900 grams, and the maximum weight is 1600 grams. Fruit round, tightly packed, neatly arranged, 8-10 grams after enlargement. In combination with fruit thinning and application of sufficient fertilizer and water in two expansions, the average grain weight can reach 10-11 grams. Peel thick, black to blue-black. The flesh is hard and brittle and the juice is reddish. It is sweet, strawberry-flavored, with 1-2 capsules in each ear, and 1 seed in the body.
Second, highlight the advantages
1, strong resistance, storage, transportation, summer and black growth similar to Kyoho. Compared with Kyoho, Fujisawa, Gaoqi, and Giant Rose, the resistance is better than the above varieties, slightly inferior to Xiangyue. Summer black skin is thick, not easily broken due to extrusion during transportation. High sugar content, resistant to storage and transportation than general varieties. In addition, when the fruit matures, it can be hung on the tree for more than 60 days, without cracking the fruit, without falling grains, and without turning.
2. The high-yield and strong summer black flower buds are well-differentiated and stable, and the bud eye germination rate is more than 85%. Each result shoot averages 1.5 ears. The first year to build a garden, the second year can be put into production, the maximum output per mu up to 2250 kg.
3, extremely early, easy to color, sugary high summer black from the bud to fruit 100-105 days. Combined spraying acid pesticide spray 3-5 times with trace elements in the leaf fertilizer, the fruit began to soften, and then spray 1 grape precocity and sugar coloration spirit, will be listed 7-10 days ahead of time, can greatly increase the value of the goods. Many varieties delay the harvest time due to the difficulty or unevenness of coloring and affect the value of the goods. In summer or black, the berry is softened and soon colored, and the coloration is fast and uniform. At present, the early-maturing grapes contain 15-18 degrees of sugar, which are sold on the market, including Kyoho, and are usually at 13-15 degrees. The taste is normal. Under the general management situation, Xiahei can reach 20-22 degrees, with a maximum of 24 degrees. Many people call Xiahei a "super sweet grape."
Third, cultivation and management
1, rack type selection around the rack is different. The fences are often used in the North, and the V-shaped or scaffoldings are often used in the South. What kind of shelf can be used for the black and white grapes? The author advocates the cultivation of fences, natural fan-shaped pruning, row spacing of 1.7 meters, spacing of 0.8 meters, 500 acres per plant. Cold and buried areas need to be buried, and the spacing can be 2 meters, 0.8 meter spacing and 420 acres. In areas with heavy rain, the distance between the first wire above the ground and the ground is more than 80 cm to prevent rain and sediment from contaminating the fruit surface. This type of racking is conducive to the full use of land, wind and light, and is particularly beneficial to the early high-yield crops. The general management level and yield of the second year can reach 2000 kg or more.
2, Xiu Shuguo Xia and Black grape ears neat, more than no shoulder, individual double ear. It is recommended that every double ear, repair one. If the ear is too long, go to the tip 1/5-1/4 10 days before flowering. Each fruiting branch has only 1 ear on average. In actual operation, press the principle of “strong 2 does not stay in the middleâ€, that is, the top surface (front end) of the shelf will have 2 spikes, and the middle will grow on the new shoot. Leave 1 ear, weak branch, no stick on the culture stick. The total number of ears remaining per mu is about 4000.
Black and white fruit are closely planted and it is recommended that fruit be thinned. Artificially fruit thinning, time-consuming, can be poured in the flowering period fruiting period discretionary use of small water, or in conjunction with spray bactericidal drugs, consciously spray about the ear, and promote its moderate falling flower and fruit. Or in the flowering fruit set period, moderate shaking or hitting the tree body can also play the role of sparse flowers and thinning fruit.
3. Inflation treatment At present, the domestic grape market still favors large-grained grapes. The fruit enlargement is conducive to increase production and increase commodity value. Summer black grapes grow naturally, with small grains. This is the common property of non-nucleation grapes. It is recommended that they be expanded. That is, 15 days after the Xiehua, 45-50 mg/kg gibberellin solution was sprayed or sprayed for another 12-15 days. Or when the grain size is large, use 45 mg/kg gibberellic acid solution, per 1 to 1.5 kg of pyrazole 10 ml plus high (inhibition stem sclerosant) spray or pod ear, once.
4. Fruit bagging Grape bagging has many advantages. It is disease-proof, insect-proof, bird-fighting, pollution-proof, production-guaranteed and quality-guaranteed. The berry produced is not only beautiful but also has a good taste. It is recommended that both Daejeon production and greenhouse cultivation, and strive to complete the bag.
5. Management of Water and Fertilizer Like other varieties of grapes, it is recommended to re-apply organic fertilizer in the production of summer and black grapes. When planting and constructing the park, 5000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per acre. After every one year, along the planting ditch, one side expands outwards, and one ditch of organic fertilizer is applied to open the ditch, and 4000-5000 kg per mu is applied. In the spring, you can recover 1 time available nitrogen fertilizer, germination, and promote large ear. Fertilizer application 1 high nitrogen three element fertilizer. The potassium fertilizer was chased once before ripening. The amount of fertilizer is not good, but when it comes to fertility, yield, and tree vigor.
6. Scientific Winter Shear Winter Shear is very important and is directly related to the production of the following year's grapes. Grapes in summer and black have good differentiation, high germination rate, and high branching rate. Therefore, the general tree vigor is dominated by short shoots, and the strong branches can be trimmed. Rafts are planted in adult parks with natural fan-shaped pruning. It is recommended that 1500-1800 sticks of results be left in the group.
Summer black viticulture
Summer black grapes, native to Japan, European and American hybrids, also known as summer-black non-nuclear, oriental black pearls, is an excellent variety that combines many advantages. It is resistant to disease, high yield, extremely early-maturing, easy-to-color, anti-storage, high sugar content and good taste.